弯扭构件及弯、剪、扭构件配筋计算中，纵筋均由受弯及受扭所需纵筋相应面积叠加。（)

A．'a'<=c1<='z'

B．(c1>='a')&&(c1<='z')

C．(c1>=a)&&(c1<=z)

D．(‘a'<=c1)||('z'>=c1)

A．'a'＜=c1＜='z'

B．(c1＞=a)‖c1＜=z)

C．('a'=＞c1‖('z'＜=c1)

D．(c1＞='a')&&(c1＜='z')

of the (1)_____ national railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth (2)_____, its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations (3)_____ is drawing interest.

In a plan dubbed "Station Renaissance" that it (4)_____ in November, JR East said that it would (5)_____ using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to (6)_____ more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up (7)_____ for such goods, as books, flowers and groceries purchased (8)_____ the Internet. In a country (9)_____ urbanites depend heavily on trains (10)_____ commuting, about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway, the company (11)_____. So, picking up purchases at train stations spare (12)_____ extra travel and missed home deliveries.

JR East already has been using its station (13)_____ stores for this purpose, but it plans to create (14)_____ spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.

The company also plans to introduce (15)_____ cards—known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated (16)_____ for holding information—(17)_____ train tickets and commuter passes (18)_____ the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a single pass. This will save the company money, because (19)_____ for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also (20)_____ the space needed for ticket vending.

A．privatized

B．individualized

C．personalized

D．characterized

King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?

The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle. and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.

21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain

[A] used turn enjoy high public support

[B] was unpopular among European royals

[C] cased his relationship with his rivals

[D]ended his reign in embarrassment

22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly

[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status

[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality

[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to

[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment

23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?

[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth

[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies

[C] The simple lifestyle. of the aristocratic families

[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges

24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles

[A] takes a rough line on political issues

[B] fails to change his lifestyle. as advised

[C] takes republicans as his potential allies

[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role

25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined

[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne

[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs

[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats

Divorced Americans______.

A．will most likely remarry

B．prefer the way they live

C．have lost faith in marriage

D．are the vast majority of people in the society