关于投标联合体资格条件的说法，正确的是（）。 A.联合体牵头单位具备招标文件规定的相应资质条件

？Read the text below about the phases of innovation in market.

？In most of the lines 41--52 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.

？If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.

？If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.

New Innovation Needs Three Phases

0 Almost every new innovation goes through three phases. When initially introduced

00 into the market, the process of adoption is slow. The early models are that expensive

41 and hard to use, and perhaps even unsafe. The economic impact is relatively very

42 small. The second phase is the explosive one, because where the innovation is rapidly

43 adopted by a large number of many people. It gets cheaper and easier to use and

44 becomes something familiar with. And then in the third stage, diffusion of the

45 Innovation slows down again, as if it permeates out across the economy. During the

46 explosive phase, the whole new industries spring up to produce the new product or

47 innovation, and up to service it. For example, during the 1920s, there is dramatic

48 acceleration in auto production, from 1.9 million in 1920 to 4.5 million in 1929. This

49 boom was accompanied by all sorts of other essential activities necessary for an the

50 auto-based nation: Roads had to be built for the cars to run on; refineries and oil

51 wells, to provide the gasoline; and garages, to repair them. Historically speaking, the

52 same pattern is repeated again and again and with innovations. The construction of the electrical system required an enormous early investment in generation and distribution capacity.

(41)

he market, the process of【C4】______is slow. The early models are expensive and hard to use, and perhaps even unsafe. The economic【C5】______is relatively small. The second phase is the explosive one,【C6】______the innovation is rapidly adopted by a large number of people. It gets cheaper and easier to use and becomes something familiar. And then in the third【C7】______,【C8】______of the innovation【C9】______again,【C10】______it permeates out across the economy. During the explosive phase, whole new industries spring up to produce the new product or innovation, and to【C11】______it. For example, during the 1920s, there was【C12】______dramatic acceleration in auto production, from 1.9 million in 1920 to 4.5 million in 1929. This【C13】______was accompanied【C14】______all sorts of other essential activities necessary for an auto-based nation: Roads had to be built for the cars to【C15】______; refineries and oil wells, to provide the gasoline; and garages, to repair【C16】______. Historically, the same【C17】______is repeated again and again with innovations. The construction of the electrical system【C18】______an enormous early investment in generation and distribution【C19】______. The introduction of the radio was followed by a buying spree by Americans that quickly brought radios into almost half of all【C20】______by 1930, up from nearly none in 1924.

【C1】

A．over

B．along

C．through

D．under

阅读理解

HOW DO YOU CREATE A CULTURE OF INNOVATION？

Have you noticed the courage buried in the word encourage？ To create a culture in which innovation flourishes takes courage. Determined innovators are always courageous enough to establish a culture in which innovation is greatly encouraged and rewarded. Here are three ways to do that.

Put innovation at the heart of strategy, and persist it in every message. Think of innovation strategy as a pyramid: big bets at the top, a few projects in development in the middle, and a broad base of continuous improvements, lasting contributions, and early-stage new ideas at the bottom.

Define jobs around innovation. Make it a job prerequisite. Consider 3M’s move to become one of the first companies to tell professionals that they could spend 15 percent of their time on projects of their own choosing. Now many high-tech companies know that they can’t get the best talent without providing this kind of flexibility. And some of those self-selected, self-organized projects might even result in a blockbuster product or line of business. For 3M, it was the Post-it note.

Recognize innovation in every part of the company. To build a culture of creativity and innovation, Gillette developed an innovation fair in which every unit could show off its most promising new concepts. It shows that everyone has a role to play in a culture of innovation.

To go from idea to successful innovation requires a great deal of support and collaboration. When people are surrounded by constant communication and encouragement, they can find the courage to try, fail, redo, and try again.

操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。

1. What is necessary in creating innovation culture？{A; B; C}

A.communication

B.courage

C.immitation

2. How does 3M create its innovation culture？{A; B; C}

A. Put innovation at the heart of strategy, and persist it in every message.

B. define jobs around innovation.

C. Recognize innovation in every part of the company.

3. The word prerequisite in “Make it a job prerequisite” means {A; B; C}.

A. required as a prior condition

B. going after

C. prior to request

4. How does Gillette create its innovation culture？{A; B; C}

A. Put innovation at the heart of strategy, and persist it in every message.

B. define jobs around innovation.

C. Recognize innovation in every part of the company.

5. The formation from idea to innovation needs {A; B; C}.

A. discussion and revise

B. failure and courage

C. support and cooperation

the money, for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country.

raight into the atmosphere.

Section B（2016年6月英语六级卷2试题）

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Reform. and Medical Costs

[A]American are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform. will help solve the problem. The answer is that no once has an easy fix rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be a achieved only through trial and incremental(渐进的)gains.

[B]The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded. "Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy Iiterature these days is contained in these measures."

[C]Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform. a lot more tests and treatments than patient really needs.

[D]Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problem, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.

[E]Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospital, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient provider off the hook(放过). That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong "pay-go" rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budge cuts.

[F]The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税)on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause

Insures to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshould. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages, The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.

[G]Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform. efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.

[H]The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted .This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant test, preventing drug inter actions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.

[I]Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.

[J]Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones arc dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.

[K]The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insures would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.

[L]The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.

[M]The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.

[N]Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. (That would be true only if you believe that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not requires, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.

[O]Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.

[P]The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.

[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.

37.With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.

38.Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.'

39.It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.

40.Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical

41.Republicans and insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.

42.Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.药物相互作用

43.【题干】The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.

44.One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.

45.Contrary to analysts' doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.

46.Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.

 

ional teams and backed by sponsors like the National Geographic Society, he has mounted more than 50 major expeditions to measure the depth of the most hostile reaches of inner space. Spending weeks underground, his crews have traveled deep inside our planet to the remotest locations touched by humans. Nobody is better at what he does, but this gives him limited satisfaction. He is consumed by ideas for how humanity could explore space and wants to personally establish a privately funded base on Jupiter(木星). It is, he thinks, nothing less than destiny.

A reasonable observer might choose other words: obsession, fantasy. Bill possesses neither great wealth nor extensive political connections. He is an engineer and runs Stone Aerospace, a company so small that when FedEx rings, he usually signs for the package himself. So to hear Bill talk—"It's not a big leap for me to go to Jupiter. For Bill, caves are a proving ground. The experience gained there will help people explore outer space.

But now, after spending nearly three decades on the margins of the space industry, Bill is closer than he's ever been to proving that caves are the best earthly training ground for exploring space. Backed by a $5-million fund from NASA, he is developing a robot called DepthX that may turn out to be the most advanced autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ever. NASA hopes to someday use a robot like Bill Stone's DepthX to explore Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter and one of the most probably places in our solar system to support life. Like its inventor, DepthX is a caver, most capable of searching harsh environments. Its theoretical mission, though, is bold even by Bill's standards: a hunt for extraterrestrial(地球外的) life on Europa.

Innovator Bill Stone plans to drop one of the world's most advanced underwater robots, DepthX, into the deepest hole on Earth. If all goes well, this thing just might help get him to Europa DepthX's first major field trial will take place this month in Mexico's Zacatén Cenote, the world's deepest hole. For Bill's future space ambitions to have any chance, he needs to impress the new generation of wealthy space-loving investors. To do that, he needs to ace(取得好成绩) this first trial and, at 54 years old, he needs to do it fast. As one of his oldest friends puts it, "Time is running out for Bill."

What have Bill Stone and his teams accomplished?

A．They have explored many caves and reached the deepest cave in our planet.

B．They have sponsored the National Geographic Society to explore caves.

C．They have explored the outer space and set up funds for it.

D．They }rave explored and measured the deepest gave in Jupiter.

ted its 40th birthday, Facebook has produced something that it hopes will make certain of the devices even more useful. On April 4th the giant social network 36 Home, new software that is designed to give it more prominence on mobile phones powered by Android, an operating system developed by Google. This matters because more and more folk are now accessing social networks from mobile devices rather than from desktop computers and because mobile advertising 37 are growing fast, albeit from a low base. Without a robust mobile 38 , Facebook could see some of its users siphoned off by rivals born in the mobile era. And it could miss out on a 39 massive source of new revenue. There had been 40 that Facebook was working on a phone of its own, or at least on a mobile operating system to rival Android or Apples IOS. But dabbling in hardware at this stage of its development would be a huge risk for Facebook and developing a rival operating system would risk 41 Apple and Google, whose mobile platforms have helped power its advertising growth, eMarketer, a research firm, 42 Facebook is on track to win 11% of the $13.6 billion likely to be spent around the world on mobile ads this year. Home, which is a group of Facebook apps, avoids both pitfalls. Among other things, it 43 a phones home screen ( and lock screen) to Facebooks Newsfeed, allowing people to get updates on what their friends are doing without having to launch a 44 app each time they want news. A phone using Home will also notify you when your friends are doing something new, as well as alerting you to new data from other apps. Another feature is a tool called "Chat Heads" that 45 Facebooks message system to a phones regular SMS message offering. This means messages pop up on the home screen along with the senders profile picture, which is enclosed in a small circle.请回答（36）题__________.