解释下列每一个陈述正确的原因。讨论货币与财政政策在每一种特例下的影响。 a．如果投资并不取决于利率，IS曲

解释下列每一个陈述正确的原因。讨论货币与财政政策在每一种特例下的影响。

a．如果投资并不取决于利率，IS曲线是垂直的。

b．如果货币需求并不取决于利率，LM曲线是垂直的。

c．如果货币需求并不取决于收入，LM曲线是水平的。

d．如果货币需求对利率极其敏感，LM曲线是水平的。

Explain why each of the following statements is true. Discuss the impact of monetary and fiscal policy in each of these special cases.

a．If investment does not depend on the interest rate, the IS curve is vertical.

b．If money demand does not depend on the interest rate, the LM curve is vertical.

c．If money demand does not depend on income, the LM curve is horizontal.

d．If money demand is extremely sensitive to the interest rate, the LM curve is horizontal.