根据短文回答 41~45 题。
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist' starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家), the argument goes, then the tradit'tona~ principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Pianck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
第 41 题 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?()
A.Technology transfer
B.Good management
C.Hard work
D.Fierce competition
第1题
A.加工企业来料加工复出口的货物
B.对外承包工程公司运出境外用于境外承包项目的货物
C.属于小规模纳税人的生产性企业自营出口的自产货物
D.外贸企业从小规模纳税人购进并持有普通发票的出口货物
第2题
A.加工企业来料加工复出口的货物
B.对外承包工程公司运出境外用于境外承包项目的货物
C.属于小规模纳税人的生产性企业自营出口的自产货物
D.外贸企业从小规模纳税人购进并持有普通发票的出口货物
第3题
下列出口货物,符合增值税免税并退税政策的是()。
A.加工企业对来料加工后又复出口的货物
B.对外承包工程公司运出境外用于境外承包项目的货物
C.属于小规模纳税人的生产性企业自营出口的自产货物
D.外资企业从小规模纳税人购进并持有普通发票的出口货物
第5题
A.加工企业来料加工复出口的货物
B.出口的古旧图书
C.属于小规模纳税人的生产性企业自营出口的自产货物
D.对外承接修理修配业务的企业用于对外修理修配的货物
第6题
A.属于小规模纳税人的生产性企业自营出口的自产货物
B.对外承接修理修配业务的企业用于对外修理修配的货物
C.加工企业来料加工复出口的货物
D.出口的古旧图书
第7题
A.加工企业来料加工复出口的货物
B.出口企业对外承包的出口货物
C.属于小规模纳税人的生产性企业自营出口的自产货物
D.已使用过的设备
E.农业生产者自产农产品
第8题
下列出口货物,符合增值税免税并退税政策的是()。
A.加工企业对来料加工后又复出口的货物
B.对外承包工程公司运出境外用于境外承包项目的货物
C.属于小规模纳税人的生产性企业自营出口的自产货物
D.外贸企业从小规模纳税人购进并持有普通发票的出口货物
第9题
A、属于小规模纳税人的生产性企业自营出口的自产货物
B、出口企业对外提供加工修理修配劳务
C、加工企业来料加工复出口的货物
D、出口的古旧图书
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