How Personalities and Behaviors are Formed?
1. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and .behaviors are formeD.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
2. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developeD.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs. nurture".
3. Those who support the nature side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patterns are largely determined by biological (生理学的) factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is pre- determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
4. Those who support the "nurture" theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior. is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
5. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. Supporters of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determineD.Needless to say, they don't believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristiC.On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels ate the product of our experience. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses experience greater intellectual development.
第 23 题 Paragraph 1__________
A.Environment is important
B.Two approaches are different from each other
C.How personalities and behaviors are formed
D.Our personalities and behavior. patterns are largely determined by biological factors
E.We want to explain the behaviors
F.The "nature" theory is better than the "nurture" theory
第3题
下列说法不正确的是()。
A.由偶然因素引起的利用概率统计研究的故障称为偶然故障
B.由老化、磨损等因素引起的故障称为耗损故障
C.按故障的统计特性分为独立故障和从属故障
D.按故障的规律分为致命性故障和非致命性故障
第4题
下列关于产品故障的说法不正确的是()。
A.由偶然因素引起的利用概率统计研究的故障称为偶然故障
B.由老化、磨损等因素引起的故障称为耗损故障
C.按故障的统计特性分为独立故障和从属故障
D.按故障的规律分为致命性故障和非致命性故障
第5题
下列说法不正确的是()。
A.由偶然因素引起的利用概率统计研究的故障称为偶然故障
B.由老化、磨损等因素引起的故障称为耗损故障
C.按故障的统计特性分为独立故障和从属故障
D.按故障的规律分为致命性故障和非致命性故障
第6题
下列说法不正确的是()。
A. 由偶然因素引起的利用概率统计研究的故障称为偶然故障
B. 由老化、磨损等因素引起的故障称为耗损故障
C. 按故障的统计特性分为独立故障和从属故障
D. 按故障的规律分为致命性故障和非致命性故障
第7题
测量故障电缆线路的故障点到电缆任意一端的长度,称为()。
A.探测故障电缆路径
B.故障粗测
C.故障定点测量
第8题
不是硬件引起的故障有()。
A.接触不良的故障
B.线路连接的故障
C.硬件本身的故障
D.未安装驱动程序
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