In forward vertical integration, a company becomes its own_, while in backward vertical integration, the company is its own_（）

A、concentration

B、forward vertical integration

C、backward vertical integration

D、horizontal integration

A、forward vertical integration

B、horizontal integration

C、backward vertical integration

D、diversification

omobile tool. This is to ensure the company is protected in the event one of the suppliers adopts an uncooperative attitude. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this scenario？

A、Outsourcing

B、Vertical integration

C、Horizontal integration

D、Parallel sourcing

E、Full integration

垂直一体化(vertical integration)

A、competitors are vertically integrated.

B、demand is stable.

C、industry technology is changing rapidly.

D、the company is operating in the home country.

E、costs of company decreases.

operate as one organization. Mergers usually occur when two firms are similar strong or weak, and【M1】______ takeovers occur when one firm is strong and the other is weak. One【M2】______ business can acquire with a public limited company by buying 51【M3】______ percent of the shares. Since the late 1990s, the number of M&A (merger and acquisition)has developed in a quick speed all over the【M4】______ world Nearly all me industries have been affected as result of this trend.【M5】______ There are various types of mergers and takeovers. For example, horizontal integration occurs where two companies in exactly the【M6】______ same line of business and the same stage of production such as two oil firms join together; Vertical integration can be forward vertical integration or backward vertical integration. Take a firm which manufactures and assembles bikes as an example. If it were to acquire【M7】______ with a firm which was a raw material supplier of tires for the bikes, this will be an example of backward vertical integration. Forward【M8】______ vertical integration involves merging with a firm which is in the next stage of production, such as a merger with a retailer of bikes. In addition, mere is no diversifying integration in which two firms in【M9】______ completely different lines of business join together to exploring new【M10】______ and different market opportunities and reduce risks of operations.

【M1】

A、Horizontal integration

B、Market development

C、Diversification

D、Vertical integration

E、Hierarchical integration

se inputs from company-owned suppliers even when independent suppliers can supply the same inputs at lower cost.