根据下列文章,请回答 36~40 题。 Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity(繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (今人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinkin~ like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
第36题:What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A.Technology transfer.
B.Good management.
C.Hard work.
D.Fierce competition.
第1题
A、Ⅰ~Ⅲ
B、Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ
C、Ⅱ~Ⅳ
D、Ⅰ~Ⅳ
第2题
A.Ⅰ~Ⅲ
B.Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ
C.Ⅱ~Ⅳ
D.Ⅰ~Ⅳ
第4题
A.航行中降落救生艇、救助艇演习应在遮蔽水域进行
B.航行中降落救生艇、救助艇演习应在有经验的驾驶员监督下进行
C.每次弃船演习应试验供通信联络的应急发报机
D.每次弃船演习应试验供集合和弃船用的应急照明系统
第5题
A.A航行中降落救生艇,救助艇演习时,应在遮蔽水域进行
B.B航行中降落救生艇,救助艇演习时应在有经验的驾驶员监督下进行
C.C每次弃船演习应试验供通讯联络的应急发报机
D.D每次弃船演习应试验供集合和弃船用的应急照明系统
第6题
根据规定,在弃船演习中每只救生艇每_____个月至少有一次应乘载指定的操作船员降落并在水上操纵。
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
第7题
A.从事短途国际航行的船舶,每艘救生艇至少每3个月下降一次
B. 从事短途国际航行的船舶,每艘救生艇至少每年降落下水一次
C. 如可行,自由降落式救生艇,每6个月至少乘载操作的船员自由降落降放一次
D. 在合理可行的情况下,专用救助艇应每3月降落一次
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