Books have always been the main tools for teaching...

comeintouseinthiscentury.Takeaudiovisualaidsforanexample.【M2】______“Audiovisual“means“hearing-and-seeing“.Theseaidstolearnincludefilms,【M3】______televisionaudiotapes,videotapes,slides,recordings,charts,orgraphs.Inmany【M4】______therearelanguagelaboratorieswhichstudentsstudyingforeignlanguagescan【M5】______listentorecordingsofnativespeakers.Thestudentscanrecordtheirspeechandplay【M6】______thetapetoheartheirownpronunciation.Tremendousstrideshaveschoolsarenowusingtelevisionwithpartoftheregularteachingprogram.Hundredsofclosed-circuit【M7】______televisionsystemshavebeensetinschoolsandcolleges.Therearemorethan200【M8】______educationaltelevisionstationsintheUnitedStatesspecializinginprogramsofmanytypes.Forsuchlargeaudiences,televisionstationscanspendlessmoneytoprepare【M9】______programs..

Example:

Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱. 1. time/times/period

Many of the arguments having╱used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______

a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______

The most important starting point for improving the understanding of silence is undoubtedly an adequate scientific education at school. Public attitudes towards science owe much the way science is taught in these (S1) institutions. Today, school is what most people come into (S2) contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science for the first time, at least in a systematic way. It is at this point which the foundations are laid for an interest in science. (S3) What is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely determine an individual’s view of the subject in adult life.

Understanding the original of the negative attitudes (S4) towards science may help us to modify them. Most education system neglect exploration, understanding and reflection. (S5) Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result, (S6) children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. The (S7) task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. Such a purely (S8) empirical approach, which consists of observation and description, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete. There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in (S9) an enjoyable way. Science should not only be “fun” in the same way as playing a video game, but ‘hard fun’—deep feeling of connection made possibly only imaginative (S10) engagement.

If our solar system has a Hell. it&39;s Venus. The air is choked with foul and corrosive sulfur. heaved from ancient volcanoes and feeding acid clouds above. Although the second planet is a step farther from the sunthan Mercury, a runaway greenhouse effect makes it hotter indeed. It&39;s the hottest of the nine plants, a toasty 900 degrees Fahrenheit of baking rocky flats from equator to poles. All this under a crushing atmospheric pressure 90 times that of where you&39;re sitting now. From the earthly perspective, a dead end. It must be lifeless.

"Venus has nothing," is the blunt word from planetologist Kevin Zahnle of NASA Ames Research Center in California&39;s Silicon Valley. "We&39;ve written it off. "

Yet a small group of advanced life-forms on Earth begs to differ. and theorizes that bizarre microbial ecosystems might have once populated Venus and. in fact. may be there still. Members of this loose band of researchers suggest that their colleagues have water too much on the brain, and are, in a sense, H2O chauvinists（盲目的爱国者）．

"Astrobiologists are neglecting Venus due more io narrow thinking than actual knowledge of the environment,or environments. where life can thrive." says Dirk Schulze-Makuch, a geobiologist at the University of Texas at El Paso who recently co-authored a Venus-boosting paper in Astrobiology wich colleague Louis Irwin.

The bias against life on Venus is partly rooted in our own biology. Human experience instructs that liquidwater, preferably lot of it. is essential for life. In search for extraterrestrial life, we obsess over small rivers in Mars&39; surface apparently carved by ancient gushes of water. and delight in hints of permafrost (永久冻结带) just underneath its surface. (By comparison. Venus isn&39;t even that interesting to look at:A boring cue ball (台球的白色母球) for backyard astronomers, its clouds reflects 75% of visible light.) Attention and then funding follow the water: Three more landers will depart for Mars this spring. and serious plans for sample-return missions hover in the midterm future.

"If you have limited resources, you base exploration on what you know." says Arizona State University planetary geologist Ronal Greeley. It&39;s like losing your keys on the way home al night: The first place you look is under the streetlights not because they&39;re more likely to be there. but because if they are. you’llspot them. For astrobiologists. the streetlights are the spectral (光谱的) lines for water. and they&39;ve spotted that potential on Mars, Jupiter&39;s moon Europa. even Neptune&39;s moon Triton. Not on the baking rocky flats of Venus.

测试题

Venus is the hottest of all the nine planets in the solar system because_____________.

A.it is not so close to the sun as Mercury

B.many volcanoes spread the whole planet

C.it is covered by a thick layer of cloud

D.greenhouse effect is uncontrollable on it

International irade fairs have become extremely important venues For conducting business. yet very few domestically based sales organizations have an understanding of how to cake advantage of the opportunities that these shows present. Unlike U.S. trade shows. at which there is an open display of one&39;s goods and services and a 1ot of looking but no buying. a European trade show is relatively closed and only open to those who are there to conduct business.The U.S. company often will spend a lot of money to set up an open display with charming sales people with little seniority or authority. The exhibit is saying. in effect, everyone and anyone is welcome but do not ask too many questions or expect to conduct any serious business. A comparable German exhibit will be more like a fortress where savvy gatekeepers will quickly weed out all but the most important clients who. once allowed into the inner sanctum, will meet directly with senior managers. The message that this exhibit is sending out is that only very special people are welcome and that is its privilege to be allowed to stay.

In some societies. the first thing people care about is quality ("Is it the best？"); in other societies, the first thing on a customer&39;s mind is the cost("How cheap is it？"); and in other countries. the concern is style. "&39;How does it look？"). The color. size. and quantity of items need to be. considered in the packaging of any product. The color blue is for funerals in some countries,smaller items are preferred over large items, and number of items in a package can be critical. For example. a golf ball manufacturer unknowingly packaged their golf balls in groups of four and then set 50.000 units to their Asian distributor who promptly sent them all back, advising the manufacturer to repackage the golf balls in packages of three.In many of the countries where the golf balls were to be distributed, the number 4 was equated with death whereas the number 3 is symbolic of long life. For golfers who are known to he superstitious, the number of golf balls in each package was more important to the distributor than the quality of the product.

测试题

The author may most probably agree that the U.S. trade shows are___________.

A.unsatisfactorily-conducted

B.businessman-targeted

C.delicately-decorated

D.profit-oriented

The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or "provider" and purchaser or "consumer" in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision, Such condition, however, does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.

In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician-and even then there may be no real choice-it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return "next Wednesday", whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.

This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor&39;s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer." As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power center" in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.

Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants-the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government)-the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for t/he most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, the economy directed at patients or t.he general is relatively ineffective.

测试题

What&39;s the author&39;s main purpose in writing this passage？

A.To criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients.

B.To analyze some important economic factors in health-care.

C.To urge hospitals to reclaim their decision making authority.

D.To inform potential patients of their health-care rights.

passage 4

Victoria Barzilai opened her mouth wide so the doctor could look at her sore throat. Not _1_ a remarkable event, except that Victoria was at home and the doctor was hundreds of miles away. Feeling too sick to _2_ herself to the school health center, the third-year university student had chosen a cyber-doctor visit, the 21st century _3_ of a house call. A number of websites offer face-to-face consultations of the _4_ visit to anyone with a credit card and access to a webcam-equipped computer. The services are intended for patients with _5_ minor problems that don’t require hands-on diagnoses or treatments, not for people who need stitches, MRIs or casts on broken limbs. One presumed strong advantage of e-visits like these is _6_. That counted with Victoria who points out that “My doctor is at least an hour away, and besides, I didn’t know when I could get in to see him.” Victoria used MedCareLive.com, which offers California _7_ no-wait consultations with healthcare professionals from 9 a.m. to midnight every day. Other sites, such as Teladoc and MeMD, offer consultations 24/7. Some e-visit sites ask for consultation fees. Others _8_ different rates for different services. Although MedCareIive.com does not _9_ with any insurance companies, co-founders Dr. David Tashman and Sigi Marmoratein set out to make their service a good deal—for people who have insurance and people who don’t. “We set our price point at $45 for a reason ,”Tashman says. “Most co-pays by insurance companies run from $30 to $50. “We want to help people stay away from the emergency room and _10_ care,”Marmorstein adds. “We want to save people money.”

A) urgent

B)credible

C)contract

D)exactly

E)relatively

F)version

G)criticism

H)charge

I)dazzle

J)convenience

K)drag

L)dedicate

M)residents

N)deliberately

O)virtual

第1空答案是：

Passage 3

We buy books, and then they wait for us to read them. Days, months, even years. Books are _1_. That’s OK for books, but not for new authors. If people don’t read their first books，they’ll never make it to a second. That’s why Eterna Cadencia, an independent publisher and book store, decided to create something different to _2_ their new authors into the market-“The Books That Can’t Wait”, which seeks to _3_ bonds between first-time writers and their readers by getting their books read quickly. What’s that？ They developed the _4_ kind of ink, an ink that starts to disappear when it comes in contact with light and air. Then they printed a _5_ of works by the best new American Latin author, using this ink, to create a new kind of book—a book that lasts only two months once you open it This makes for an interesting approach to motivate book buyers to read books more __6__, giving first-time author’s the attention they need to survive. They _7_ “The Book That Can’t Wait” for the critics and the press. The invention was _8_. Hundreds of people came to the bookstore to pick up their book. They gave away the entire first edition the very same day it was released. _9_ they received thousands of requests for the book. This time they had the _10_ that their new authors were read. Then they are going to use the book as a platform. for other different titles, because there’re a lot of literatures out there that don’t deserve to wait on the shelf. And theirs won’t wait at all.

A) promptly

B) tolerant

C) turbulent

D) vanished

E) presented

F) launch

G) pledge

H)triumphant

I) opaque

J) collection

K) guarantee

L) occasionally

M) strengthen

N) unique

O) subsequently

第1空答案是：

Passage 1

A study conducted by an Australian science agency has discovered signs that the country’s ancient Aborigines may have been the world’s first astronomers, _1_ Stonehenge (巨石阵）in Britain by more than a thousand years. Professor Ray Norris, of the Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization (CSIRO), said _2_ knowledge of the stars through songs and stories had been passed down through generations by the Aboriginal people, whose history dates back tens of thousands of years. “We know there are many stories about the sky: songs, legends, myths to mark out the seasons， so they are very _3_,” Norris said. “People _4_ changed settlement, so when Pleiades (the Seven Sisters star _5_ ) was up they would move to where the nuts and berries are. Another sign and it would be time to move to the rivers to fish for barramundi, and so on.” Norris, who has studied Aboriginal culture _6_ and has made several journeys to Arnhem Land in Australia’s Outback, said the research also _7_ more detailed astronomical thought. “Clearly some thinker in the past has been sitting down in the bush, watching the _8_ and trying to figure out how it works,” he said. “Those thoughts are then encoded in the songs and ceremonies.” Norris is now looking for _9_ that might date the earliest signs of Aboriginal astronomy, such as a stone carving of a meteor strike or comet. Norris is confident that the Aborigines pre-dated European astronomers, including Stonehenge and Egypt’s great pyramid Giza, both of which are _10_ at around 3100 BC. “We’ve established there is all this astronomy, what I don’t know is how far back this goes. If it goes back 10,000 or 20,000 years, that makes Aborigines the world’s first astronomers,” he said.

A) detailed

B) boosted

C) eclipse

D) vigorous

E) practical

F) evidence

G) revealed

H) estimated

I) regularly

J) routine

K) cluster

L) preceding

M) extensively

N) rectifying

O) respectively

第1空答案是：

Passage 3

Are smarter kids smart enough to avoid alcohol and drugs？ For decades scientists had documented that those with lower IQ and less education were more likely to become addicted to alcohol or other drugs, probably because lower levels of education and lower IQ are associated with the _1_effects of poverty and because having less intelligence offers fewer mental resources to allow users to moderate and avoid problems. The latest data, published in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, doesn’t _2_ those findings. Drug use is not the same as drug addiction-higher intelligence is a protective factor against alcoholism and addictions; _3_, smarter people are more likely to drink or try drugs. Social drinking in many countries and non-problematic drinking is more _4_ and common among people with higher education. But why？ What protects them from _5_ into addiction？ Intelligence can serve as a vehicle for _6_ when it comes to alcohol or drug use-the more educated people are, the more they internalize and appreciate the dangers and risks of _7_. Intelligence can also _8_ more curiosity and openness to new experiences. And that includes experimenting with alcohol and drugs. People have the impression that intelligence is somehow related to being _9_ and bookwormish, but large studies definitely find that intelligence is associated with sensation-seeking and seeking different kinds of experiences, including learning new things. It could be related to the nature of intelligence. Such experimentation doesn’t always lead to addiction or problematic behavior. because this type of exposure often involves a few experiences before the person moves on to the next _10_.

A) execution

B) moderation

C) compelling

D) indulgence

E) nonetheless

F) decent

G) frequent

H) novelty

I) spur

J) damaging

K) deviate

L) sliding

M) exceptionally

N) introverted

O) contradict

第1空答案是：

Which of the following best explains the author’s use of the word “counterpoint” in referring to Yeats？

A.Yeats’ paintings differed significantly in subject matter from those of his contemporaries in Ireland.

B.Yeats reacted to the realism of his contemporary artists by invoking nineteenth-century naturalism in his own painting style.

C.Yeats avoided religious and mythological themes in favor of mundane portrayals of Irish life.

D.Yeats built upon the realism painting tradition, elevating it to unprecedented artistic heights.

It being not only possible but even easy to predict which ten-year-old boys are at greatest risk of growing up to be persistent offenders, what are we doing with the information？ Just about the last thing that we should do is to wait until their troubles have escalated in adolescence and then attack them with the provisions of the new Criminal Justice Bill. If this bill becomes law, magistrates will have the power to impose residential care orders. More young people will be drawn into institutional life when all the evidence shows that this worsens rather than improves their prospects. The introduction of short sharp shocks in detention centers will simply give more young people a taste of something else they don’t need; the whole regime of detention centers is one of toughening delinquents, and if you want to train someone to be anti-establishment, “I can’t think of a better way to do it,” says the writer of this report. The Cambridge Institute of Criminology comes up with five key factors that are likely to make for delinquency: a low income family a large family, parents deemed by social workers to be bad at raising children, parents who themselves have a criminal record, and low intelligence in the child. Not surprisingly, the factors tend to overlap. Of the 63 boys in the sample who had at least three of them when they were ten, half became juvenile delinquents—compared with only a fifth of the sample as a whole. Three more factors make the prediction more accurate: being judged troublesome by teachers at the age of ten, having a father with at least two criminal convictions and having another member of the family with a criminal record. Of the 35 men who had at least two of these factors in their background 18 became persistent delinquents and 8 more were in trouble with the law. Among those key factors, far and away the most important was having a parent with a criminal record, even if that had been acquired in the distant past, even though very few parents did other than condemn delinquent behavior in their children. The role of the schools emerges as extremely important. The most reliable prediction of all on the futures of boys came from teachers’ ratings of how troublesome they were at the age of ten. If the information is there in the classroom there must be a response that brings more attention to those troublesome children: a search for things to give them credit for other than academic achievement, a refusal to allow them to go on playing truant, and a fostering of ambition and opportunity which should start early in their school careers. According to the author, delinquency should be tackled ___.

A.before adolescence

B.during institutional treatment

C.during adolescence

D.when the problem becomes acute