chinese don’t believe that the person who invites should pay the bill.（)

A．The man.

B．Both of them.

C．The woman.

A.pay

B.pay for

C.pay off

D.pay out

Throwing criminals in jail is an ancient and widespread method of punishment, but is it a wise one? It does seem reasonable to keep wrongdoers in a place where they find fewer opportunities to hurt innocent people, and where they might discover that crime doesn't pay. The system has long been considered fair and sound by those who want to see the guilty punished and society protected. Yet the value of this form. of justice is now being questioned by the very men who have to apply it: the judges. The reason, they say, is that prison doesn't do anyone any good.

Does it really help society, or the victim, or the victim's family, to put in jail a man who, while drunk at the wheel of his car, has injured or killed another person? It would be more helpful to make the man pay for his victim's medical bills and compensate him for the bad experience, the loss of working time, and any other problems arising from the accident. If the victim is dead, in most cases his family could use some financial assistance.

The idea of compensation is far from new, some ancient nations had laws defining very precisely what should be paid for every offense and injury. In Babylon, around 2700 B.C., a thief had to give back five times the value of the goods he had stolen; in Rome, centuries later, thieves only paid double. "Good system!" say modem judges, who know what bad effects a prison term can have on a nonviolent first offender. A young thief who spends time in jail receives there a thorough education in crime from his fellow prisoners. Willingly or not, he has to associate with tough criminals who will drag him into more serious offenses, more prison terms—a life of repeated wrongdoing that will leave a trail of victims and cost the community a great deal of money; for it is very expensive to put a man on trial and keep him in jail.

Such considerations have caused a number of English and American judges to try other kinds of punishment for "light" criminals, all unpleasant enough to discourage the offenders from repeating their offenses, but safe for them because they are not exposed to dangerous company. They pay for their crime by helping their victims, financially or otherwise, or by doing unpaid labor for their community; they may have to work for the poor or the mentally ill, to clean the streets of their town, collect little or plant trees, or to do some work for which they are qualified. Or perhaps they take a job and repay their victim out of their salary. This sort of punishment, called an alternative sentence, is applied only to nonviolent criminals who are not likely to be dangerous to the public, such as forgers, shoplifters, and drivers who have caused traffic accidents. Alternative sentences are considered particularly good for young offenders. The sentenced criminal has the right to refuse the new type of punishment if he prefers a prison term.

Since alternative sentences are not defined by law, it is up to the judges to find the punishment that fits the crime. They have shown remarkable imagination in applying what they call "creative justice."

A dentist convicted of killing a motorcyclist while driving drunk has been condemned to fix the teeth of the poor and the elderly at his own expense one day a week for a full year. Another drunk driver (age nineteen) was ordered to work in the emergency room of a hospital once a week for three years, so that he could see for himself the results of careless driving.

A thief who had stolen some equipment from a farmer had to raise a pig and a calf for his victim. A former city treasurer, guilty of dishonest actions, was put to raising money for the Red Cross.

A group of teenagers were sentenced to fix ten times the number of windows that they had smashed "just for fun one wild evening. Graffiti artists have been made to scrub walls, benches, and other "decora

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

W: Yes, you pay the bill, and I'll call the desk to have our luggage taken out to the taxi.

Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?

(15)

A．At the reception desk in a hotel.

B．In a bus terminal.

C．In a restaurant.

D．In a hotel room.

A．Help the woman pay the bill.

B．Help the woman fix her car.

C．Take the woman to her home.

D．Test-drive the woman"s car.

A．Pay the bill

B．Ask the man's advice

C．Call the man later

D．Collect a deposit

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.

听力原文：W: I'm glad that you win the singing contest. The award money may enable you to travel around Africa this autumn.

M: I wish I could, but I have to save the money to pay for my daily bills for the next year. You know how expensive things are nowadays.

Q: What does the man imply?

(12)

A．He has decided how to spend his money.

B．He wishes he could pay for his daily bills now.

C．He has already saved enough money to travel around Africa.

D．He has decided to save the money to pay his tuition next year.

W: Yes. You pay the bill and I'll call the desk and have our luggage taken out to the taxi.

Where does this conversation most probably take place?

A．In a theatre．

B．In a hotel room．

C．In a restaurant．