a rigid body is in equilibrium state under the coplanar force system. which set of equilibrium equations are not independent of each other？

Mind and body are two parts of a complex organism controlled by the nervous system, which acts on information received from the senses. The way a person perceives and reacts depends on his mood, his state of health, his diet, his body temperature and his level of consciousness.

2. There is considerable evidence that every thought or emotion has some related physical effect, and that every change within the nervous system should have some psychological effect. Although the precise nature of these correlations is not always known, the view that body and mind are constantly interacting in some way is now accepted by most psychologists.

3. The relationship between mind and body is particularly apparent in emotional states, especially those of fear and anger. When a person is in the grip of a powerful emotion his body undergoes changes, just as it does when he is asleep, ill or under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Most people are familiar with such sensations as a dry mouth when they are nervous, or a racing heart when they are afraid or excited. Such physical changes can be measured, for instance, by recording pulse rate and breathing, or by measuring the dilation of the pupils of the eyes.

4. a particularly sensitive measure of bodily change during periods of emotion is the galvanic skin response(GSR). This is used in the instrument known as the lie detector. The GSR depends on the fact that some mental activity produces bodily changes, such as sweating, which affect the skin's resistance to electricity. To measure GSR, electrodes are placed on the palm and on the back of the hand, and a weak current is passed between the electrodes. Changes in the current are recorded in an amplified form, often by means of an automatically controlled pen on moving paper. Other recordings, for instance of pulse, blood pressure and breathing, can be made simultaneously, by an instrument called a polygraph.

5. The galvanic skin response method has proved a very efficient indicator of general psychological arousal. Even slight embarrassment will cause a defection of the recording pen.

A. Every thought or emotion has some related physical effect.

B. GSR is a measure of bodily change during periods of emotion.

C. GSR is very efficient in indicating people's emotion.

D. GSR is very expensive.

E. GSR is used to judging prisoners.

F. Mind and body has an apparent relationship.

Para 2 ______.

The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as

A.self-tolerance

B.balance

C.harmony

D.tolerance

根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。

The Body Clock

Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology.

Deep inside the brain there is a 'clock' that governs every aspect of the body's functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.

This body clock programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pro. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon.

One of the major causes of the travellers' malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of a person's internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses the biological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjust to a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may be on a different schedule altogether.

Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to 'shrink' our day.

That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights.

When flying west, you are 'extending your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve 'shrinking' or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clock's natural tendency.

One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working longer hours.

It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination's schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone. So, our body clock truly can 'govern' us.

第 36 题 The role of the body clock is to

A．enable us to sleep 6 hours a day.

B．help us adapt to a 24-hour cycle.

C．regulate the body's functions.

D．interfere with the body's functions.

Nowadays it is understood that a diet, which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important dements are missing. These elements are called "vitamins". Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables, h is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting, or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.

One example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as beriberi(脚气病), which used to afflict large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century, a Dutch scientist called Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beriberi. At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on rice which had had the outer husk removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak, sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed, the chicken in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps from the patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ fie thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who claimed that the huskless rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked and the chickens fed on cheap, coarse rice with file outer covering still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unmilled rice somehow prevented or cured beriberi—even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease.

Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beriberi was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husk and is now known as vitamin B. The milled rice, though more expensive, was in fact perpetuating the disease the hospital was trying to cure. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common; thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.

Deficiencies of the various vitamins______.

A．cause identical diseases

B．are no; serious except in the case of vitamin C

C．cause different diseases

D．are often caused by scurvy

The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse.