Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

Television has opened windows in everybody's life. Young men will never again go to war as they did in 1914. Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle. And the result has been a general dislike of war, and perhaps more interest in helping those who suffer from all the terrible things that have been shown on the sc-Teen.

Television has also changed politics. The most distant areas can now follow state affairs, see and hear the politicians before an election. Better informed, people are more likely to vote, and so to make their opinion count.

Unfortunately, television's influence has been extremely harmful to the young. (76) Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world; that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless. They believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable. All educators agree that the "television generations" are more violent than their parents and grandparents.

Also, the young are less patient. (77) Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and interesting, they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn't do funny things like the people on children's programs. And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten, fifteen, or thirty minutes. That's the time it takes on the screen.

1. In the past, many young people__________.

A. knew the effects of war

B. went in for politics

C. liked to save the wounded in wars

D. were willing to be soldiers

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

Languages are remarkably complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture. (76) They contain the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture. To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture. In the words of a poet and philosopher, “As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.” A culture and its language are as necessary as brain and body; while one is a part of the other, neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best beginning would be starting with the non-language elements of the language: its gestures, its body language, etc. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English saying goes, seeing eye-to-eye. We can never see eye-to-eye with a native speaker of English until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.

1. The best title for this passage is

A. Organs of Culture B. Brain and Body

C. Looking into his eyes D. Language and Culture

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

In the past, operations were difficult. Until the middle of the eighteen fifties, surgery.

In some countries, up to 90 percent of patients died from infection after operations. In 1865, however, Joseph Lister, a British surgeon, found an answer to the problem. He used an “antiseptic” during and after operations. This killed the dangerous bacteria and most of his patients lived. Since then, surgeons have used antiseptics in all operations. Surgery has developed in many important ways since the day of Joseph Lister. Today, when patients go to hospital for an operation, they can expect the best treatment, in clean and hygienic conditions.

Operations were difficult and dangerous until_______.

A.1850

B.the middle of 1850

C.the middle of the fifties of the eighteenth century

D.the middle of the fifties of the nineteenth century

In the passage, surgery means__________.A.The performing of an operation

B.cure

C.treatment

D.medicine

Which topic of the following best suits the passage?A.Operations were difficult in the past

B.The devotion of Joseph Lister to medical science

C.Surgery has become safer

D.Developments in surgery

Joseph Lister was________.A.a Frenchman

B.a German

C.an Englishman

D.an American

In the past, up to 90 percent of patients died after operations mainly because__________.A.bacteria entered the cuts in the patients’ bodies and infection took place

B.the conditions in hospitals were bad

C.the skill of surgeons was not so good

D.there were no good medicine at that time

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

Strange things happen to time when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four ou can have days with more or fewer than twenty-four hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.

If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. Traveling wast, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-tree hours. If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you cross the international date line. By agreement, this is the point where a new day begins. When you cross the line, you change your calendar one full day, backward or forward. Traveling east, today becomes yesterday and traveling west, it is tomorrow!

When you travel, you will find something strange about time. You may find _____.

A.there are only 23 hours in a day

B.there are 8 days in a week

C.there are one more hour in a day

D.all of the above

The international date line is the name for _____.A.the beginning of any new time zone

B.any point where time changes by one hour

C.the point where a new day begins

D.any time zone in the Pacific Ocean

The best title for this passage is _____.A.Trip Across the Atlantic

B.How Time Changes Around the World

C.Crossing the International Date Line

D.How Time Zones Were Set Up

If you cross the ocean, going east, you set your watch _____.A.ahead one hour in each new time zone

B.ahead one hour for the whole trip

C.back one full day for the whole trip

D.back by 24 hours

The difference in time between neighbouring time zones is _____.A.seven days

B.24 hours

C.one hour

D.more than seven days

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Passage one

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage。

As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat。This danger can be avoided，according to computer science professor Stuart Russell，if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code。

Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language。For example，if a robot does chores around the house，you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children。“You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，”said Russell。Some robots are already programmed with basic human values。For example，mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans。Obviously there are cultural differences， but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space， you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do。It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules。Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior。They are dangerous only if programmers are careless。The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）。One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation。If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave，it has the opportunity to stop，send out beeps（嘟嘟声），and ask for directions from a human。If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision，we go and ask somebody else。The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules。But if we come up with an answer，robots could be good for humanity。

What does the author say about the threat of robots？

A.It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers。

B.It accompanies all machinery involving high technology。

C.It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language。

D.It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated。

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and potions. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment. It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. New information was always being gained as artisans improved techniques to gain better results. The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, hampered by several factors. The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties, chemistry is nothing if not practical; those who practice it must use their hands, they must have a certain practical flair. Yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellectual content or interest. The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy. Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood. Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the esoteric nature of the knowledge of alchemists, who were trying to transform. base metals into gold or were concerned with the hunt for the elixir that would bestow the blessing of eternal life. In one sense, the second of these was the more serious impediment because the records of the chemical processes that early alchemists had discovered were often written down in symbolic language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure. What is the passage mainly about?

A.The scientific revolution in the seventeenth century.

B.Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a science.

C.The practical aspects of chemistry.

D.Difficulties of organizing knowledge systematically.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi animal, semi human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox annot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be good ; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived. The author of the passage does not believe that ____

A.A.people can protect themselves

B.B.the truth makes men free

C.C.leaders have to be consistent

D.D.princes are human

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests. The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27. Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37. On the other hand, indicators of a person’s accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging. The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse. "These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years. The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols. In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s. The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆),according to the researchers. “By following individuals over time,” Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.” The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants&39; health and lifestyle. to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.

What is the common view of mental function

A.It varies from person to person.

B.It gradually expands with age.

C.It weakens in one’s later years.

D.It indicates one’s health condition.

Questions 1to 5 are based on the following passage:

Some psychologists (心理学家)maintain that mental acts suchas thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one’s muscles alsoparticipate. (76)It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhatthe same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

You surely are not surprised to be told thatyou usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body.Few people can listen to music without moving their body or, more spe-cifically, some part of their body. Oftenwhen one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is attracted to directthe orchestra （乐队）even though he knows there isa good conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior. may be, there is avery good reason for it. One cannot derive all pos-sible enjoyment from musicunless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener “feels”himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body.

(77) The muscles of the body actuallyparticipate in the mental process of thinking in the same way，but this participation is lessobvious because it is less noticeable.

1. Somepsychologists think that thinking is ____________.

A.not a mental process

B.more of a physical process than a mental action

C.a process that involves our entire bodies

D.a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

People say that money cannot buy happiness. This was true for Howard Hughes. (76) He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time. He bad everything: good look success, power, and a lot of money. But he didn ’t have lave or friendship because he couldn’t buy them. All his life he used his money to control everything and everyone around him. In the end, he lost control of everything, even himself.

Howard Hughes was born in 1905 in Houston, Texas. His father started the Hughes Tool Company. He was a workaholic （工作狂）and made a lot of money. He bought everything he wanted. He even gave money to schools so Howard could get into them. From his father, Howard learned to be a successful but merciless businessman. Hughes’ s mother, Allene also had a big influence on his life. Howard was her only child. She protected him and gave him everything. Unfortunately Allene had mental problems. (77)She was afraid of germs and diseases. She was obsessed with Howard&39;s health，and he became obsessed win it too.

Allene died when Howard was 16 years old. Two years later his father died. Hughes inherited the Hughes Tool Company. Then he married Ella Rice. He and Ella moved to Los Angeles, California. It was there that Howard Hughes began to become a legend （传奇人物）. Hughes began to invest his money in movies. He became an important producer soon after he moved to California. He worked hard, but he also played hard. He became obsessed with power and control. When he couldn’t get something legally, he gave money politicians and businessmen so they would help him. He owned a lot of businesses, including airplane companies, a movie studio （制片厂）, Las Vegas hotels, gold and silver mines, and radio and television stations. Once he bought a television studio so he could watch movies all night He also bought a hotel because he wanted to stay in his favorite room for one weekend.

Accordign to the passage ,Howard Hughes was hot _____.

A.good-looking

B.wealthy

C.friendly

D.powerful

Which of the following about Hughes' father is NOT TRUE?A.He started the Hughes Tool Company.

B.He liked to spend money.

C.He worked hard.

D.He drank alcohol a lot.

The word obsessed in Paragraph 2 probably means_____ .A.troubled

B.reduced

C.related

D.informed

Howard Hughes' parents died _____.A.when he was 16 years old

B.before he was 19 years old

C.after he got married

D.after he moved to California

From the passage, we learn what Mr. Hughes lacked in his life was _____.A.education

B.love

C.money

D.good looks

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！