（） is a term people use to explain why they have failed or fear failure, and sometimes why they were victorious.

(Witnesses) of the crime (find difficult) to explain (why) they (didn't) call the police.

A．Witnesses

B．find difficult

C．why

D．didn't

(Witnesses) of the crime (find difficult) to explain (why) they (didn't) call the police.

A．Witnesses

B．find difficult

C．why

D．didn't

The purpose of the author in writing this passage is

A．to explain and persuade

B．to comment and criticize

C．to interest and entertain

D．to argue and demonstrate

Which of the following sentence may be an irrelevant reason to explain why it isn’t always working to use incentives to change other people’s mind in reality?

A.Individuals are driven by different goals to become successful.

B.Adverse people are often too resistant to be convinced.

C.Making a change doesn’t necessarily guarantee a bright future.

D.Forcing to change can’t produce the desirable outcome.

Team Work

The class teacher/s and student/s need to work like a team, with the teacher being the coach who needs to continually encourage, motivate and intrigue each and every player, demanding high performance while ensuring that no individual gets bogged down in detail or overwhelmed with targets. This is particularly difficult in the sessions immediately after mimicking has been introduced since students become easily confused and tired when they first tackle mimicking. It is essential that each and every student understand why he or she are doing each activity, without taking undue amounts of time to explain. Whether the target is speed, creativity, effective use of repetition, making short clear sentences or so on, it is essential that every student is aware that the particular target is a guideline, and may be modified by them to suit their needs.

The need for speed is not a transparent goal and causes many cognitive problems for students since few realize the link between the ability to talk fast and easily understandable pronunciation and meaning, nor do most quickly realize that they are actively learning vocabulary items or good syntax through the peer-on- peer activities. Indeed it will be quite some time before these processes become self-evident and even more so in seminar classes. It's relatively easy to get most students intellectually and physically engaged in actively learning with verbally active classes while the real trick is to get everyone interested. If it's boring for the teacher it will probably be even more so for the students, especially for those who want cognitive understanding before they tackle something. These students are not recalcitrant, they reasonably expect to understand what they're doing and clearly identify their targets before they do anything. It is up to the "coach" to make sure that participants see the relevance of what they're doing and are actively interested in achieving either their own personal goals, the activity targets, or both through doing the activity in an active way.

Which of the following statements is true, according to the author?

A．Mimicking is the most difficult task for the teacher and students as well.

B．The teacher has to explain to the students without taking up too much time.

C．The sessions are essential to the students' carrying out the particular activities.

D．Once the target of the activity is settled, nothing should change any more.

No matter how hard I tried to explain how to operate the machine, they were still at a loss.

A．尽管我努力把机器开动了，他们还是觉得非常失望。

B．无论我怎么努力地说明机器的用法，他们都不理解我。

C．即使我努力地对机器做了解释，他们还是不相信我的话。

D．不管我怎么努力地解释如何操作这台机器，他们依然听不懂。

Pain is easier to endure if you know you can end it. Speakers at a session on pain at the British Association's psychology section have new evidence to support this idea for two common experiences of pain: in childbirth and at the dentist's. On the other side of the coin, their inability to control pain may explain why some people with continual pain have psychological problems as well.

Dr. J. Robinson found out about the phenomenon of self-controlled pain almost by accident. He was studying the effects of analgesics used to control pain during childbirth and as part of the experiment made it possible for women having their child to press a button which gave an automatic injection—instead of having all injections made by the doctor. Afterwards these women did not say that they had less pain than other women in childbirth, but they did use considerable less of the drug.

J. Atkins, a dental surgeon, has observed a similar phenomenon. As part of their efforts to make dentistry painless, Atkins and researchers at Aston University in Birmingham offered patients a switch they could flip to turn off the dentist's drill whenever they chose. But, after trying the switch on 50 patients Atkins gave up; none of the patients had ever flipped the switch.

Perhaps the extra endurance was because the Aston team also use other methods to make dentistry painless. Apparently few other dentists are so considerate. The end result, according to the Birmingham survey, is that British people avoid going to the dentist, with the consequence that almost 30% of people in England and Wales have lost all their teeth, and more than seven out of ten have lost at least six teeth. Less than half of the public pay regular visits to the dentist. To find out why, Atkins and psychologist Cumberbatch interviewed a sample of patients attending a dental hospital. The most common reason people gave for not having dental check-ups were fear and pain.

By using a little care and taking time to explain what will happen, Atkins feels, dentists could overcome these fears. There are techniques for giving injections without pain, and a "calm unhurried approach" to drilling can make that painless, too.

Sadly, few dentists seem to take much trouble with their patients. "I am not nervous when I go to the dentist, and I do not have any pronounced sympathy for those who are, " said one dentist. "I tend to take the point of view that they are being unreasonable at my expense."

The passage most possibly comes from______.

A．a medical textbook

B．a psychology textbook

C．a popular magazine

D．a serious magazine

The purpose in writing the passage is ______.

A．to explain why Germany is hopeful

B．to predict the result of German election

C．to analyze the current situation of Germany

D．to draw an analogy between Germany and the Middle East