【单选题】Who is the founder of World Earth Day？

The purpose of Earth Day is ______.

A．to help people memorize the earth

B．to help people to learn how to protect the earth

C．to unite all the people on the earth

D．all of the above

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Earth Day was the brainchild of Gaylord Nelson, aUnited StatesSenator from Wisconsin. After seeingthe environmental destruction causedby the 1969 oil spill in SantaBarbara, California, Nelson wanted to find a way to raise public consciousnessof the needfor greaterenvironmental protections. The result was the first Earth Day on April 22, 1970. On that day,over 20 million Americans took part in a variety of rallies(集会）， meetings，demonstrations andactivities ， all targetedat highlighting the need for protecting Earth and our environment for future generations. Thousands of colleges and universities alsoparticipated. Members of different groups learnedthey sharedcommon values.

Earth Day was a tremendous success.It hasnow become a global phenomenon. In 1990，for example, over 200 million people in 141 countries were organized to bring environmental issues,especially recycling, to the forefront of global consciousness.Today,Earth Day campaigns continue to publicize important environmental issues,such asglobal warming, dean energy,and recycling.

If you ’ re wondering what you cando to make Earth a better place，participating in Earth Day activities is a greatplace to start- By attending a rally ，meeting, or demon-station, you canlearn about the environmental problems facing our planet. To really make a difference, though, you needto turn the knowledge you gain into action. Volunteering for an environmental group or helping to organize an Earth Day event to educate others is one way to make adifference. More importantly, however, you can make changesin your daily life. Here are a few suggestions：

Conserveenergy andnatural resources!Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Take shorter showers. Turn down the thermostat(恒温器） in winter andturn it up during the summer.

Plant a tree! Treesproduce oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the air. They will benefit you andfuture generations.

Reduce, reuse,and recycle! The amount of trashhumans produce increaseseachyear. Do your part by reducing the amount of stuff you buy，reusing the stuff you already have, and recycling asmuch as possible.

32. Earth Day was setup in order to______.

A.help California recover from the 1969 oil spill

B.help Nelson realize his dream of becoming a senator

C.remember those who suffered greatly in the oil spill

D.improve the public’s awarenessof environmental protection

What happenedon April 22, 1970, according to the passage?A.Different groups met to discussenvironmental issues

B.Thousands of college studentswent out into the streetsto protest

C.Environmental activists targetedat governments

D.Millions of Americans participated in environmental protection activities

In 1990, Earth Day campaigns focused on publicizing_____?A.recycling

B.clean energy

C.the effects of global warming

D.the benefits of cycling

To make Earth abetter place, you canstart from______.A.demonstrating againstthe government

B.learning more about Earth

C.getting involved in Earth Day campaigns

D.volunteering to teach in schools

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

It is a pleasure to be here today to commemorate the first Earth Day with you by looking through this "Window on the American Environment". While I have not yet viewed the television series, from the accompanying book I can see that it is a very ambitious effort. The producers have interviewed a large number of environmental leaders in the United States, from early founders back in the 1970s through those involved in the contemporary movement. //

I am sure you will hear many different opinions, because the diversity of the American environmental movement is part of its strength. The ability of individuals and non-governmental organizations to express their opinions and make their voices heard in the press and in the electoral process is the root of the movement and why it flourishes today. I vividly remember going outdoors with my elementary school class on Earth Day 1970 to examine our environment by looking at what grew in the pond behind our school. The motto of that first Earth Day was "think globally, act locally", and our young teacher wanted us to better understand what was right around us. //

Nowadays teachers have access to all sorts of wonderful educational materials to help students study the environment and learn about concepts like biodiversity, climate change and protection of the ozone layer that were still foreign to us in 1970. But we knew then about toxic chemicals, deforestation, water pollution—the subject of our pond study—and land use issues, and we were learning to understand how much of an impact these could make on our futures. //

Earth Day 1970 was a novel idea proposed by individuals—not a government—that grew on its own, so that in that very first year, over 20 million Americans participated. We said, "think globally", but Americans were not yet thinking as much beyond their borders as we do today. Equally it would have been unimaginable in 1970 that China would air a 22-part television series on the United States. It would be another two years before the images of President Nixon's famous trip to China would be broadcast on our television screens in the United States and we started to have the opportunity to learn about each other. //

Today the United States and China have a great deal to celebrate together for Earth Day. We are working together in areas from water conservation to the protection of endangered species to the development of new, cleaner sources of energy. We have an active program to work with Beijing to support its goal of a Green Olympics in 2008. Together we are researching climate change and exploring the possibilities for using hydrogen and fusion as energy sources. The United States government, through agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Parks Service and dozens more has an active program of cooperation with its Chinese counterparts. //

The total area of land on earth is about 149 million square kilometers, or about 29 percent of the total area of the earth.

The average height of the land is about 750 metres above the sea level. The Eurasian(欧亚大陆的) land mass is the largest with an area of 54,527,600 square kilometers. The smallest continent is the Australian mainland, with an area of about 7,614,600 square kilometers, which together with Tasmania, New Zealand, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands, is described as Oceania.The total area of Oceania is about 8,935,500 square kilometres, including West Iran which is political in Asia.

The world's largest peninsula(半岛) is Arabia, with an area of about 3,327,500 square kilometres. The largest island in the world is Greenland, with an area of about 2,175,600 square kilometres.

The largest island surrounded by fresh water is the Ilha de Marajo (4,022 square kilometres) in the mouth of the Amazon River, Brazil. The largest island in a lake is Manitoulin Island (2,766 square kilometres) in the Canadian section of Lake Huron. This island itself has on it a lake of 106 square kilometres called Manitou Lake, in which there are several islands.

1)、The total area of the world is about 211 million square kilometers.

A.T

B.F

2)、The area of Tasmania, New Zealand, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands adds up to about 1,320,900 square kilometres.

A.T

B.F

3)、Oceania is made up of Australia, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands.

A.T

B.F

4)、As mentioned in the passage there are several islands in Manitou Lake.

A.T

B.F

5)、The largest island surrounded by fresh water is in a river.

A.T

B.F

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth

In what resembles a journey to the center of the Earth, Japanese scientists have launched the world&39;s first attempt to bore a hole into the red-hot core of a volcano and unlock the secrets of deadly eruption.<br>

A 50-meter-high oil-rig-like derrick perched on the scrubby slopes of Japan&39;s Mount Unzen will begin drilling through the volcano&39;s crust next week in a bid to sample the magma bubbling below.<br>

The aim is to study how the liquefied rock causes menacing gas buildup, said team leader Setsuya Nakata, of the University of Tokyo&39;s Earthquake Research Institute.<br>

"Gassing is important because it controls the explosivity of eruptions," Nakata said. "The results can be expanded to anti-disaster research."<br>

Mount Unzen, a wind-swept 1,486-meter dome on the southem island of Kyushu, is a perfect model. It erupted in 1991, showering avalanches of hot rocks over a nearby town, killing 43 people and leaving nearly 2,300 homeless. Another 11,000 people were evacuated from the area until 1995,when the volcano had stabilized.<br>

The results are particularly important to a nation like Japan, where the meteorological agency monitors 20 dangerous peaks. Perhaps Japan&39;s most famous volcano is snowcapped Mount Fuji,which last erupted in 1707 and sprinkled Tokyo with ash.<br>

The drilling on Mount Unzen will begin very soon from an altitude of 850 meters on its northwest slope. Scientists hope to tap a magma vent around sea level by August and extract a 200-meter-long core sample by summer 2004.<br>

Boring into the glowing magma at that level would normally be impossible, because of its fiery 700 degree Celsius heat. Thus, slurry of water will be pumped into the drill shaft to cool the magma and allow the drill head to cut through.<br>

Nakata said there is no danger of triggering another eruption.

According to the passage， Mount Unzen __________. 查看材料

A.erupted in 1707

B.eruptedin 1991

C.eruptedin 1995

D.erupted several times in the last century

The climate of Earth is changing. Climatologists are confident that over the past century, the global average surface temperature has increased by about half a degree Celsius. This warming is thought to be at least partly the result of human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests for agriculture. As the global population grows and national economies expand, the global average temperature is expected to continue increasing by an additional 1.0℃ to 3.5℃ by the year 2100.

Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing human- kind. Understanding the potential impacts of climate change for natural ecosystems is essential if we are going to manage our environment to minimize the negative consequences of climate change and maximize the opportunities that it may offer. Because natural ecosystems are complex, nonlinear systems, it follows that their responses to climate change are likely to be complex. Climate change may affect natural ecosystems m a variety of ways. In the short term. climate change can alter the mix of plant species in land ecosystems such as grasslands. In the long term, climate change has the potential to dramatically alter the geo- graphic distribution of major vegetation types savannas, forests, and climate change can also potentially alter global ecosystem processes, including the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Moreover. changes in these ecosystem processes can affect and be affected by changes in the plant species of the ecosystem and vegetation type. All of the climate change-induced alterations of natural ecosystems affect the services, that these ecosystems provide to humans.

The global average surface temperature increase of half a degree Celsius observed over the past century has been in part due to differential changes in daily maximum and minimum temperatures, resulting in a narrowing of the diurnal temperature range. Decreases in the diurnal temperature range were first identified in the United States, where large-area trends showed that maximum temperatures have remained constant or increased only slightly, whereas minimum temperatures have increased at a faster rate. In this issue, Al-ward et al. report on the different sensitivities of rangeland plants to minimum temperature increases.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the global warming?

A．The burning of fuels such as coal or oil.

B．The clearing of forests.

C．The cultivation of farmland,

D．The negative consequences of human activities.

The climate of Earth is changing. Climatologists are confident that over the past century, the global average surface temperature has increased by about half a degree Celsius. This warming is thought to be at least partly the result of human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests for agriculture. As the global population grows and national economies expand, the global average temperature is expected to continue increasing by an additional 1.0 to 3.5℃ by the year 2100.

Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing humankind. Understanding the potential impacts of climate change for natural ecosystems is essential if we are going to manage our environment to minimize the negative consequences of climate change and maximize the opportunities that it may offer. Because natural ecosystems are complex, nonlinear systems, it follows that their responses to climate change are likely to be complex. Climate change may affect natural ecosystems in a variety of ways. In the short term, climate change can alter the mix of plant species in land ecosystems such as grasslands. In the long term, climate change has the potential to dramatically alter the geographic distribution of major vegetation types--savannas, forests, and tundra. Climate change can also potentially alter global ecosystem processes, including the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Moreover, changes in these ecosystem processes can affect and be affected by changes in the plant species of the ecosystem and vegetation type. All of the climate change-induced alterations of natural ecosystems affect the services that these ecosystems provide to humans.

The global average surface temperature increase of half a degree Celsius observed over the past century has been in part due to differential changes in daily maximum and minimum temperatures, resulting in a narrowing of the diurnal temperature range. Decreases in the diurnal temperature range were first identified in the United States, where large-area trends showed that maximum temperatures have remained constant or increased only slightly, whereas minimum temperature have increased at a faster rate. In this issue, Alward et al. report on the different sensitivities of rangeland plants to minimum temperatures increases.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the global warming?

A．The burning of fuels such as coal or oil.

B．The clearing of forests.

C．The cultivation of farmland.

D．The negative consequences of human activities.

The climate of Earth is changing. Climatologists are confident that over the past century, the global average surface temperature has increased by about half a degree Celsius. This warming is thought to be at least partly the result of human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests for agriculture. As the global population grows and national economies expand, the global average temperature is expected to continue increasing by an additional 1.0℃ to 3.5℃ by the year 2100.

Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing humankind. Understanding the potential impacts of climate change for natural ecosystems is essential if we are going to manage our environment to minimize the negative consequences of climate change and maximize the opportunities that it may offer. Because natural ecosystems are complex, nonlinear systems, it follows that their responses to climate change are likely to be complex. Climate change may affect natural ecosystems in a variety of ways. In the short term, climate change can alter the mix of plant species in land ecosystems such as grasslands. In the long term, climate change has the potential to dramatically alter the geographic distribution of major vegetation types—savannas, forests, and climate change can also potentially alter global ecosystem processes, including the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Moreover, changes in these ecosystem processes can affect and be affected by changes in the plant species of the ecosystem and vegetation type. All of the climate change—induced alterations of natural ecosystems affect the services that these ecosystems provide to humans.

The global average surface temperature increase of half a degree. Celsius observed over the past century has been in part due to differential changes in daily maximum and minimum temperatures, resulting in a narrowing of the diurnal temperature range. Decreases in the diurnal temperature range were first identified in the United States, where large-area trends showed that maximum temperatures have remained constant or increased only slightly, whereas minimum temperatures have increased at a faster rate. In this issue, Alward et al report on the different sensitivities of rangeland plants to minimum temperatures increases.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the global warming?

A．The burning of fuels such as coal or oil.

B．The clearing of forests.

C．The cultivation of farmland.

D．The negative consequences of human activities.