【判断题】Executives prefer to stay at work after office hours so as to set a good example for their employees.

For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the "paperless" office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before.

But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales—despite a healthy economic scene.

Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair.

"Old habits are hard to break," says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. "There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn't work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness. "

In the early to mid-90s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost.

But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices.

"We're finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace," says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. "More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form. without printing multiple backups. "

In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers—the primary driver of office paper consumption—for the shift in paper usage.

The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of "filing" is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of today's data may never leave its original digital format.

The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. "All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking. 'We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use. '" he says. "They had never asked, they'd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth. "

To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities.

For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally.

Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.

Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against "paperlessness," argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, "The Electronic Pinata (彩罐)", he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.

The information industry today is like a huge electronic pinata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core. " Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust "is most noticeab

A．It further explains high-tech hubris.

B．It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.

C．It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.

D．It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.

New Ideas

Iceland's President Olafur Grimsson is trying to drive carbon dioxide underground to 51 its release into the air.

Over the next two years, a team of scientists will try to 52 carbon dioxide-charged water into the rock underground. Scientist theory says this should work. The CO2 will react with the rock to form. a stable mineral that remains in the 53 for millions of years.

If the experiment succeeds, Iceland could give the world a new 54 to reduce CO2 emissions.

Sigurdur Gislason, a university professor in Iceland, says his country has an 55 over other countries: "We have enormous amounts of clean 56 and a small society. You can do experiments here that you can't do anywhere else."

In an attempt to cut back on the use of air conditioners during summer, the Japanese government in 2005 57 a campaign to keep office temperatures at 28℃ degrees in summer. Men were also encouraged to change business suits for 58 wear. In other words, no more ties.

"The 59 is meant to show the government's resolve to achieve Japan's target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6 percent," said Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroyuki Hosoda.

The 60 has cut an estimated 79,000 tons of carbon dioxide gas emissions each year.

As the country's 2005 Energy Policy Act 61 into force this year, more Americans will be encouraged to use 62 cars and energy sources.

According to the new law, those who buy hybrid cars such as the Toyota Prius can earn tax credits; or rebates, of 63 to $2,600 a year. Homemakers can also save when they renovate, claiming tax rebates 64 up to $500 simply by fitting their homes with energy-saving insulation. If they.--65-- in solar water heating, the payoff at tax time is equal to 30 percent of the appliance's cost or a maximum of $2,000.

51

A) reduce B) narrow C) interrupt D) interfere

People usually talk about two types of colors: warm colors and 1 colors. Scientists think that there are also 2 kinds of people. Some people prefer warm colors and others prefer cool colors. The warm colors are red, 3 and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of light, people 4 want to be active. People think red is exciting.

The cool colors are green, white and 5 . Where there are cool colors, people are usually 6 . Red may be exciting, but one 7 says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors. He says that a warm color, such as red or orange, is a good color for a 8 room or restaurant. When some people are resting or eating they don’t want time 9 quickly. Cool colors are better for offices or factories. when some people are 10 there, they want time to pass quickly.

1. A. cool B. hot C. bright D. black

2. A. all B. two C. most D. many

3. A. orange B. blue C. green D. black

4. A. sometimes B. seldom C. usually D. never

5. A. pink B. blue C. orange D. red

6. A. moving B. active C. noisy D. quiet

7. A. parent B. scientist C. teacher D. student

8. A. working B. living C. reading D. waiting

9. A. to pass B. pass C. passes D. passing

10. A. playing B. working C. seeing films D. singing

New Ideas

Iceland's President Olafur Grimsson is trying to drive carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) underground to (51)______ its release into the air.

Over the next two years, a team of scientists will try to (52)______ carbon dioxide—charged water into the rock underground. Scientists say this should work. The CO2 will react with the rock to form. a stable mineral that remains in the (53)______ for millions of years.

If the experiment succeeds, Iceland could give the world a new (54)______ to reduce emissions.

Sigurdur Gislason, a university professor in Iceland, says his country has an (55)______ over other countries. "We have enormous amounts of clean (56)______ and a small society. You can do experiments here that you can't do anywhere else."

In an attempt to cut back on the use of air conditioners during summer, the Japanese government in2005 (57)______ a campaign to keep office temperatures at 28℃ in summer. Men were also encouraged to change business suits for(58)______ wear. In other words, no more ties.

"The (59) ______ is meant to show the government's resolve to achieve Japan's target of reducing greenhouse (温室) gas emissions by 6 percent," said Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroyuki Hosoda. The (60)______ has cut an estimated 79,000 tons of carbon dioxide gas emissions each year.

As the country's 2005 Energy Policy Act (61)______ into force this year, more Americans will be encouraged to use (62)______ cars and energy sources.

According to the new law, those who buy hybrid (混合) cars such as the Toyota Prius can earn tax credits, or rebates (退款),of (63)______ to ＄2,600 a year. Homemakers (主妇) can also save when they renovate, claiming tax rebates (64)______ around ＄500 simply by fitting their homes with energy saving insulation (绝缘). If they (65)______ in solar water heating, the payoff at tax time is equal to 30 percent of the appliance's cost or a maximum of ＄2,000.

(51)

A．reduce

B．narrow

C．interrupt

D．interfere

阅读文章，回答下列各题： As my train wasn’t due to leave for another hour，I had plenty of time to spare．After buy．ingsome newspapers to read on the journey，I made my way tothe luggage office to collect theheavy suitcase I had left there three days before．There were only a few people waiting，and Itook out my wallet to find the receipt for my ease．The receipt didn’t seem to be where I hadleft it．I emptied the contents of the wallet，andrailway—tickets，money，scraps ofpaper，andphotographs fell out of it；but no matter how hard I searched.the receipt was nowhere to befound． When my turn canle，I explained the situationsorrowfully to the assistant．The man looked at mesuspiciously as if to say that he had heard this type of story many times andaskedme to describe the came．I told him that it Was anold，brown—looking object，nodifferent fromthe many cases I Could see on tlle shelVes. The assistant tllengaVe me a form. and told me to。make a list of the chiefcontents of the case．If they were correct，he said，I could take theca$e away．I tried to remember all the articles I had hurriedly packed andwrote them down asthey came to me． After Ihad done this，Iwent to look among the shelves．There were hundreds ofcasesthere and for one dreadful moment．it occurred tome that if someone had picked the receiptup，he couldhave easily claimed the case already．This hadn’thappened fortunately，for aftera time I found the caselying on its side high up in a comer．After examiningthe articles in—side，the assistant Was soon satisfiedthat it was mine and told me I could take the case away．Again I took out my wallet：this time to pay．I pulled out ten-shilling note and the“lost”re—ceipt slipped outwith it．I couldn’t help blushing and looked up at theassistant．He was nod—ding his head knowingly，as if to say that he had often seen this happen before too! The writer had plenty of time to spare ashis train_______．

A.was leaving later thanscheduled

B.was not leaving foranother hour

C.was not scheduled to leave

D.was delayed for somereason

American【D1】______ will not return to the moon as planned if US Congress passes President Obamas【D2】______ budget. Obamas budget—which aims to cut【D3】______ in certain areas while increasing money used to create jobs—would cancel NASAs Constellation Programme. The programme has【D4】______ to send astronauts back to the moon by 2020. NASAs programme also intended to study the idea of【D5】______ a moon colony. The programme was set to follow the US space agencys 【D6】______ missions, which are due to end in September. On its Website, the White House Budget Office says the programme to send astronauts to the moon is behind【D7】______, over budget and overall less important than other space investments. "Using a broad range of criteria, an【D8】______ review panel determined that even if fully funded, NASAs programme to repeat many of the【D9】______ of the Apollo era 50 years later, was the least attractive approach to space【D10】______ as compared to potential alternatives" , the site says.

【D1】

【填空题】Office （1） is the application of computer and communications technology to improve the productivity of clerical and managerial （2） workers. The major functional components of an office automation （3） include text processing, electronic mail, （4） storage and retrieval, personal assistance features, and （5） management. These may be implemented on various types of （6） and usually include a video display （7）, input devices, and a hard-copy output device for “letter-quality” printing, etc. Initially, systems sold by （8） manufacturers were aimed at clerical and secretarial personnel. These were mainly developed to do （9） processing and record processing (maintenance of small sequential files, such as names and addresses, which are ultimately sorted and merged into （10）).