【名词解释】10．同工酶（isozyme）

同工酶(isozyme)(名词解释)

(本题满分10分) 设z＝z(x，y)由方程x2z＝y2＋e2z确定，求dz．

The amazing success of humans as a【1】is the result of the evolutionary development of our brains which has led, among other things, to tool-using, tool-making, the【2】to solve problems by logical reasoning, thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the most striking ways in which chimpanzees biologically【3】humans【4】in structure of their brains. The chimpanzee, with the capacity for【5】reasoning,【6】a type of intelligence more like that of humans than【7】any other mammal living today. The brain of the modern chimpanzee is probably not too dissimilar【8】the brain that so many millions of years ago【9】the behavior. of the first ape man.

For a long time, the fact that prehistoric people made【10】was considered to be one of the major【11】distinguishing them from other creatures.【12】pointed out earlier, I have watched chimpanzees【13】grass stems in order to use them to probe for termites. It is true that the chimpanzee does not【14】tools to "a regular and set pattern" —but then,【15】people, before their development of stone tools, undoubtedly poked around【16】sticks, and straws, at which stage it seems【17】that they made tools to a set pattern either.

It is because of the close【18】in most people's minds of tools with humans【19】special attention has always been focused upon any animal able to use an object as a tool: but it is important to realize that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature【20】

(1)

A．species

B．specie

C．speciman

D．specimen

For the【C1】______month, mysterious falls of large chunks of ice(冰雹)【C2】______rained down on Spain and Italy. Juana Sanchez, a 70-year-old woman in Almeria, southern Spain, was knocked

【C3】______when she was struck on the shoulder by a falling ice chunk【C4】______she walked in a street【C5】______her home. On January 12, just about 200 miles away in Seville, a man narrowly【C6】______serious injury when a 9-pound ball of ice【C7】______into his car.【C8】______the evening of January 27 priests at the Salesian monastery in L'Aquila, Italy were startled by a loud crash.【C9】______the noise, they discovered a large chunk of ice on their yard,【C10】______intact. Upon examination, the block of ice【C11】______in at 2 kilograms and no source【C12】______. On the same day, about 100 miles northeast in Ancona, Italy, the local officials were called to investigate the report of a man【C13】______was struck【C14】______the head by all kilogram chunk of ice that apparently fell from the sky.

Spain and Italy aren't the only European【C15】______getting attacked by huge ice blocks in January. On January 2 in Surrey, England(southwest of London), an East Indian man was walking through Newton Athletic Park when he【C16】______a strange whistling sound overhead. Seconds【C17】______,a large hunk of ice fell out of the clear blue sky and pounded into the soft ground, shattering over a 50-foot-wide area. The ice dug a hole of a foot deep and a foot in diameter. Even the shattered remains of the mystery ice were as large as tennis balls and were described as opaque【C18】______no unusual color or smell.

Although eyewitnesses to the phenomenon report that they did not see anything in the sky that could account【C19】______the ice, scientists had to come up with a rationalization. Professor Jesus Martinez Frias, the geologist investigating the ice falls in Spain, told BBC News that the ice pieces had probably been【C20】______through sudden temperature drops in the stratosphere. This was the most likely explanation, he said, for the "very unusual" phenomenon.

【C1】

A．last

B．past

C．passed

D．early

【T10】

A.SOLVE

B.DISTINGUISH

C.INTERACT A.WOULD THAT CHANGE THE WAY HUMANS【T7】______WITH THEM

B.ONE PARROT CAN【T8】______FIVE OBJECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES

C.ALLOWED HER TO【T9】______A NEW PROBLEM WHEN JUDGING ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE, SCIENTISTS LOOK FOR INSIGHT, WHICH THEY DEFINE AS A FLASH OF SUDDEN UNDERSTANDIN

G.WHEN A YOUNG GORILLA COULD NOT REACH FRUIT FROM A TREE, SHE NOTICED CRATES SCATTERED ABOUT THE LAWN, PILED THEM AND THEN CLIMBED ON THEM TO REACH HERREWAR

D.THE GORILLA"S INSIGHT【T10】______WITHOUT TRIAL AND ERROR.THE ABILITY TO USETOOLS IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT SIGN OF INTELLIGENC

E.CROWS USE STICKS TO PRY PEANUTS OUT OF CRACKS.THE CROW EXHIBITS INTELLIGENCE BY SHOWING IT HAS LEARNED WHAT A STICK CAN DO.LIKEWISE, OTTERS USE ROCKS TO CRACK OPEN CRAB AND, IN A SERIES OF COMPLEX MOVES, CHIMPANZEES HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO USE STICKS TO GET AT FAVORITE SNACK-TERMITES. MANY ANIMALS HAVE LEARNED TO COMMUNICATE USING HUMAN LANGUAG

E.SOME PRIMATES HAVE LEARNED HUNDREDS OF WORDS IN SIGN LANGUAG

E.ONE CHIMP CAN RECOGNIZE AND CORRECTLY USE MORE THAN 250 ABSTRACT SYMBOLSON A KEYBOARD AND 【T11】______AND CAN UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NUMBERS,COLORS, AND KINDS OF OBJECT. THE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE RAISES IMPORTANT QUESTIONS.IF ANIMALS ARE SMARTERTHAN ONCE THOUGHT,【T12】______? WOULD HUMANS STOP HUNTING THEM FOR SPORT OR SURVIVAL? WOULD ANIMALS STILL BE USED FOR FOOD OR CLOTHING OR MEDICAL EXPERIMENTATION? FINDING THE ANSWER TO THESE TOUGH QUESTIONS MAKES A DIFFICULT PUZZLE EVEN FOR.A LARGE-BRAINED, PROBLEM-SOLVING SPECIES LIKE OUR OW

N.

【R3】

A. BE DETACHED FROM THE STRESS OF YOUR COMPANY,

B. MAINTAIN GOOD RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS.

C. DON"T FEEL GUILTY FOR PROBLEMS THAT ARE NOT OF YOUR OWN MAKIN

G.

D. SPEND 10% OF YOUR TIME DOING SOMETHING PRODUCTIVE FOR YOURSEL

F.

E. TAKE PRIDE IN YOUR WOR

K. THERE IS NO SHORTAGE OF INTERNET ARTICLES PROCLAIMING THE END OF THE 9 TO 5 WORKING WEE

K. BUT, THE REALITY FOR MANY OF US IS THAT OUR JOB IS HARD WORK, REPETITIVE AND OFTEN NOT PARTICULARLY INTERESTIN

G. IF YOU HAVE TO TRUDGE INTO THE OFFICE 9-5, 5 DAYS A WEEK, THESE ARE SOME SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE WORK LESS OF A BURDEN AND MORE ENJOYABL

E. 【R1】______ THE PROBLEM WITH AN OFFICE ENVIRONMENT IS THAT YOU HAVE NO CHOICE OF THE PEOPLE YOU WORK WIT

H. IF YOUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH THESE PEOPLE SOUR, IT CAN MAKE WORK A REAL PAI

N. THEREFORE, WORK HARD TO MAINTAIN REASONABLE RELATIONSHIPS WITH YOUR WORK COLLEAGUES. DON"T HARSHLY CRITICIZE OTHERS, EVEN IF THEY DESERVE IT; DON"T TAKE CRITICISM TOO PERSONALLY; AVOID ARGUMENTS WITH LOUD AND OBNOXIOUS PEOPL

E. IF YOU FIND IT DIFFICULT TO GET ALONG WITH SOMEONE, FORCE YOURSELF TO REMEMBER SOME POSITIVE QUALITY THAT PERSON HAS—YOU MAY BE SURPRISED AT HOW MUCH THE SITUATION IS IMPROVE

D. 【R2】______ EVEN IF YOU DON"T PARTICULARLY LOVE YOUR COMPANY, IT IS STILL ADVISABLE TO TRY AND DO YOUR JOB CONSCIENTIOUSLY. IF YOU TRY TO DO YOUR JOB WELL, YOU WILL GAIN A LASTING SATISFACTION AND IT WILL HELP GIVE A PURPOSE TO WORKIN

G. IF YOU FEEL THERE IS NO POINT TO YOUR WORK, YOU WILL HAVE A PERMANENT FEELING OF DISSATISFACTION, AND IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE TO ENJOY YOUR TIME AT WOR

K. IF YOU DISLIKE THE ETHOS OF YOUR COMPANY, YOU CAN STILL DO A GOOD JOB; JUST FEEL YOU ARE DOING IT FOR YOUR BENEFIT AND NOT THE COMPANY"S. FOR EXAMPLE, A GOOD ATTITUDE WILL DEFINITELY HELP GET A GOOD RECOMMENDATION WHEN YOU ARE LOOKING FOR A NEW JO

B. 【R3】______ MANY COMPANIES HAVE AMBITIOUS SALES TARGETS AND PROFIT MARGINS. A CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY SUCH AS THIS CAN EASILY CREATE A PRESSURED WORK ENVIRONMENT FOR THEIR EMPLOYEES. HOWEVER, YOU SHOULD FEEL THAT IT IS NOT YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO TAKE ON THIS STRESS. WHY SHOULD YOU NEEDLESSLY SUFFER JUST SO THAT THE COMPANY CAN PAY A HIGHER DIVIDEND TO ITS SHAREHOLDERS? DO A GOOD JOB, BUT DON"T FEEL OBLIGED TO SACRIFICE YOUR OWN EQUANIMITY FOR THE EXCESSIVE DEMANDS OF YOUR COMPANY. TAKE YOUR LUNCH BREAK AWAY FROM WOR

K. EVERY NOW AND THEN IT IS GOOD TO GET AWAY FROM THE PRESSURED ENVIRONMENT OF WOR

K. A CHANGE OF SCENERY HELPS TO PUT THE WORKPLACE INTO PERSPECTIV

E. IF YOU SPEND ALL YOUR TIME AT WORK, IT CAN START TO FEEL CLAUSTROPHOBI

C. IF YOU CAN SPEND TIME IN A GOOD CAFE OR GARDEN IT CAN HELP TO RECHARGE THE BATTERIES. IT IS ALSO HELPFUL TO BE ON YOUR OWN OR MEET FRIENDS FROM OUTSIDE WOR

K. 【R4】______ ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT ASPECTS OF WORK IS DEALING WITH CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS. THESE COMPLAINTS ARE OFTEN NOT YOUR FAULT, BUT, IT IS YOU WHO HAVE TO SUFFER. IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER, IT IS NOT YOUR FAULT THAT YOUR COMPANY IS UNDERSTAFFED OR TRYING TO CUT CORNERS. IN THESE SITUATIONS WE SHOULD NEVER FEEL GUILTY, BUT, CALMLY AND POLITELY DIRECT CUSTOMERS TO THE RIGHT CHANNELS FOR COMPLAININ

G. 【R5】______ IF WORK IS BORING THERE IS A TEMPTATION TO WASTE TIME SURFING THE INTERNET, AND PARTICIPATING IN UNPRODUCTIVE SOCIAL NETWORKIN

G. THE SITUATION IS SO COMMONPLACE THAT MANY EMPLOYERS RESORT TO BANNING FACEBOOK ET

C. HOWEVER, RATHER THAN SURFING AIMLESSLY, WHY NOT DO SOMETHING PRODUCTIVE? FOR EXAMPLE, DEVELOPING A BLOG, AND FINDING AN ALTERNATIVE INCOME SOURCE TO YOUR CURRENT JO

B. DON"T TAKE YOUR WORK HOM

E. THE GOOD THING ABOUT A 9 TO 5 JOB IS THAT AT THE END OF THE WORK DAY YOU ARE FRE

E. THEREFORE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU DON"T TAKE ANY WORK HOME WITH YOU. THIS INCLUDES CHECKING WORK E-MAILS OR EVEN THINKING ABOUT YOUR WORK SITUATIO

N. IN THE EVENING TRY TO SWITCH OFF; YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO SOLVE ANY PROBLEMS AT HOME, JUST LEAVE EVERYTHING UNTIL THE NEXT DAY.

【R1】

A. BE DETACHED FROM THE STRESS OF YOUR COMPANY,

B. MAINTAIN GOOD RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS.

C. DON"T FEEL GUILTY FOR PROBLEMS THAT ARE NOT OF YOUR OWN MAKIN

G.

D. SPEND 10% OF YOUR TIME DOING SOMETHING PRODUCTIVE FOR YOURSEL

F.

E. TAKE PRIDE IN YOUR WOR

K. THERE IS NO SHORTAGE OF INTERNET ARTICLES PROCLAIMING THE END OF THE 9 TO 5 WORKING WEE

K. BUT, THE REALITY FOR MANY OF US IS THAT OUR JOB IS HARD WORK, REPETITIVE AND OFTEN NOT PARTICULARLY INTERESTIN

G. IF YOU HAVE TO TRUDGE INTO THE OFFICE 9-5, 5 DAYS A WEEK, THESE ARE SOME SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE WORK LESS OF A BURDEN AND MORE ENJOYABL

E. 【R1】______ THE PROBLEM WITH AN OFFICE ENVIRONMENT IS THAT YOU HAVE NO CHOICE OF THE PEOPLE YOU WORK WIT

H. IF YOUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH THESE PEOPLE SOUR, IT CAN MAKE WORK A REAL PAI

N. THEREFORE, WORK HARD TO MAINTAIN REASONABLE RELATIONSHIPS WITH YOUR WORK COLLEAGUES. DON"T HARSHLY CRITICIZE OTHERS, EVEN IF THEY DESERVE IT; DON"T TAKE CRITICISM TOO PERSONALLY; AVOID ARGUMENTS WITH LOUD AND OBNOXIOUS PEOPL

E. IF YOU FIND IT DIFFICULT TO GET ALONG WITH SOMEONE, FORCE YOURSELF TO REMEMBER SOME POSITIVE QUALITY THAT PERSON HAS—YOU MAY BE SURPRISED AT HOW MUCH THE SITUATION IS IMPROVE

D. 【R2】______ EVEN IF YOU DON"T PARTICULARLY LOVE YOUR COMPANY, IT IS STILL ADVISABLE TO TRY AND DO YOUR JOB CONSCIENTIOUSLY. IF YOU TRY TO DO YOUR JOB WELL, YOU WILL GAIN A LASTING SATISFACTION AND IT WILL HELP GIVE A PURPOSE TO WORKIN

G. IF YOU FEEL THERE IS NO POINT TO YOUR WORK, YOU WILL HAVE A PERMANENT FEELING OF DISSATISFACTION, AND IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE TO ENJOY YOUR TIME AT WOR

K. IF YOU DISLIKE THE ETHOS OF YOUR COMPANY, YOU CAN STILL DO A GOOD JOB; JUST FEEL YOU ARE DOING IT FOR YOUR BENEFIT AND NOT THE COMPANY"S. FOR EXAMPLE, A GOOD ATTITUDE WILL DEFINITELY HELP GET A GOOD RECOMMENDATION WHEN YOU ARE LOOKING FOR A NEW JO

B. 【R3】______ MANY COMPANIES HAVE AMBITIOUS SALES TARGETS AND PROFIT MARGINS. A CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY SUCH AS THIS CAN EASILY CREATE A PRESSURED WORK ENVIRONMENT FOR THEIR EMPLOYEES. HOWEVER, YOU SHOULD FEEL THAT IT IS NOT YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO TAKE ON THIS STRESS. WHY SHOULD YOU NEEDLESSLY SUFFER JUST SO THAT THE COMPANY CAN PAY A HIGHER DIVIDEND TO ITS SHAREHOLDERS? DO A GOOD JOB, BUT DON"T FEEL OBLIGED TO SACRIFICE YOUR OWN EQUANIMITY FOR THE EXCESSIVE DEMANDS OF YOUR COMPANY. TAKE YOUR LUNCH BREAK AWAY FROM WOR

K. EVERY NOW AND THEN IT IS GOOD TO GET AWAY FROM THE PRESSURED ENVIRONMENT OF WOR

K. A CHANGE OF SCENERY HELPS TO PUT THE WORKPLACE INTO PERSPECTIV

E. IF YOU SPEND ALL YOUR TIME AT WORK, IT CAN START TO FEEL CLAUSTROPHOBI

C. IF YOU CAN SPEND TIME IN A GOOD CAFE OR GARDEN IT CAN HELP TO RECHARGE THE BATTERIES. IT IS ALSO HELPFUL TO BE ON YOUR OWN OR MEET FRIENDS FROM OUTSIDE WOR

K. 【R4】______ ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT ASPECTS OF WORK IS DEALING WITH CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS. THESE COMPLAINTS ARE OFTEN NOT YOUR FAULT, BUT, IT IS YOU WHO HAVE TO SUFFER. IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER, IT IS NOT YOUR FAULT THAT YOUR COMPANY IS UNDERSTAFFED OR TRYING TO CUT CORNERS. IN THESE SITUATIONS WE SHOULD NEVER FEEL GUILTY, BUT, CALMLY AND POLITELY DIRECT CUSTOMERS TO THE RIGHT CHANNELS FOR COMPLAININ

G. 【R5】______ IF WORK IS BORING THERE IS A TEMPTATION TO WASTE TIME SURFING THE INTERNET, AND PARTICIPATING IN UNPRODUCTIVE SOCIAL NETWORKIN

G. THE SITUATION IS SO COMMONPLACE THAT MANY EMPLOYERS RESORT TO BANNING FACEBOOK ET

C. HOWEVER, RATHER THAN SURFING AIMLESSLY, WHY NOT DO SOMETHING PRODUCTIVE? FOR EXAMPLE, DEVELOPING A BLOG, AND FINDING AN ALTERNATIVE INCOME SOURCE TO YOUR CURRENT JO

B. DON"T TAKE YOUR WORK HOM

E. THE GOOD THING ABOUT A 9 TO 5 JOB IS THAT AT THE END OF THE WORK DAY YOU ARE FRE

E. THEREFORE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU DON"T TAKE ANY WORK HOME WITH YOU. THIS INCLUDES CHECKING WORK E-MAILS OR EVEN THINKING ABOUT YOUR WORK SITUATIO

N. IN THE EVENING TRY TO SWITCH OFF; YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO SOLVE ANY PROBLEMS AT HOME, JUST LEAVE EVERYTHING UNTIL THE NEXT DAY.