【填空题】Buyer’s request for insurance to be covered up to the Island city can be accepted on condition that such extra premium is for ______account.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more clues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization. (426)

The underlined word "elapses" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to "______."

A．passes

B．adds tip

C．appears

D．continues

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM). does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures. , the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM? ______

A．They revert from the long term memory.

B．They are filtered from the sensory storage area.

C．They get chunked when they enter the brain.

D．They enter via the nervous system.

听力原文：Growth for a new business like ours can be as much of a problem as a positive. You're struggling to keep up on all fronts, and the people side of things can be a real headache. What we do is rather specialised, which means you can't just take people on as and when you need them. That's why making the skills building sessions available to more people was a good idea, as it means we can grow expertise internally.

— You will hear five short recordings about improvements in the workplace.

— For each recording, decide What improvement has been made.

— Write one letter (A - H) next to the number of the recording.

— Do not use any letter more than once.

— You will hear the five recordings twice.

A Some inefficient equipment was replaced.

B A bonus payment system was extended.

C A department was moved to new premises.

D Training opportunities were increased.

E A system of cost control was implemented.

F Some software was upgraded.

G A number of specialist staff were recruited.

H A system of promotion was introduced.

You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop.【36】is very easy to enter the shop looking【37】a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the【38】best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-robbing【39】which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however,【40】to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting,【41】you just had to buy it. This sort of thing【42】be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can【43】a great deal of time wandering from section to section. Book-sellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent.

There is a【44】which well illustrates this. A medical student had to read a text-book which was far too expensive for him to【45】. He couldn't obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop.【46】afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the【47】and read a lime of the book at a time. One day,【48】, he was dismayed to find the book【49】from its usual place and was about to leave【50】he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him.【51】to be told off, he went towards him.【52】his surprise, the owner pointed to the book,【53】was tucked away in a comer. "I put it there【54】case anyone was tempted to buy it," he said, and left the delighted student to【55】his reading.

(61)

A．One

B．This

C．There

D．It

【T14】

A.BRING ABOUT

B.A MAJOR FACTOR

C.SOAK UP

D.KEEN TO A.CHILDREN【T13】______A-CHARACTERISTICS IS SCHOOL

B.A-TYPE PARENTS USUALLY【T14】______A-TYPE OFFSPRING

C.BEING TOO【T15】______WIN CAN HAVE DANGEROUS CONSEQUENCES

D.IT IS LIKELY TO BECOME【T16】______ PERSONALITY IS TO A LARGE EXTENT INHERENT—【T17】______.BUT THE ENVIRONMENT MUST ALSO HAVE A PROFOUND EFFECT, SINCE IF COMPETITION IS IMPORTANT TO THE PARENTS, 【T18】______IN THE LIVES OF THEIR CHILDRE

N.ONE PLACE WHERE【T19】______, WHICH IS, BY ITS VERY NATURE, A HIGHLY COMPETITIVE INSTITUTIO

N.TOO MANY SCHOOLS ADOPT "THE WIN AT ALL COSTS" MORAL STANDARD AND MEASURE THEIR SUCCESS BY ACHIEVEMENTS.THE CURRENT PASSION FOR MAKING CHILDREN COMPETE AGAINST THEIR CLASSMATES OR AGAINST THE CLOCK PRODUCES A TWO-LAYER SYSTEM, IN WHICH COMPETITIVE A-TYPES SEEM IN SOME WAY BETTER THAN THEIR B-TYPE FELLOWS.【T20】______:REMEMBER THAT PHEIDIPPIDES, THE FIRST MARATHON RUNNER, DROPPED DEAD SECONDS AFTER SAYING:"REJOICE, WE CONQUER!"

【T15】

A.BRING ABOUT

B.A MAJOR FACTOR

C.SOAK UP

D.KEEN TO A.CHILDREN【T13】______A-CHARACTERISTICS IS SCHOOL

B.A-TYPE PARENTS USUALLY【T14】______A-TYPE OFFSPRING

C.BEING TOO【T15】______WIN CAN HAVE DANGEROUS CONSEQUENCES

D.IT IS LIKELY TO BECOME【T16】______ PERSONALITY IS TO A LARGE EXTENT INHERENT—【T17】______.BUT THE ENVIRONMENT MUST ALSO HAVE A PROFOUND EFFECT, SINCE IF COMPETITION IS IMPORTANT TO THE PARENTS, 【T18】______IN THE LIVES OF THEIR CHILDRE

N.ONE PLACE WHERE【T19】______, WHICH IS, BY ITS VERY NATURE, A HIGHLY COMPETITIVE INSTITUTIO

N.TOO MANY SCHOOLS ADOPT "THE WIN AT ALL COSTS" MORAL STANDARD AND MEASURE THEIR SUCCESS BY ACHIEVEMENTS.THE CURRENT PASSION FOR MAKING CHILDREN COMPETE AGAINST THEIR CLASSMATES OR AGAINST THE CLOCK PRODUCES A TWO-LAYER SYSTEM, IN WHICH COMPETITIVE A-TYPES SEEM IN SOME WAY BETTER THAN THEIR B-TYPE FELLOWS.【T20】______:REMEMBER THAT PHEIDIPPIDES, THE FIRST MARATHON RUNNER, DROPPED DEAD SECONDS AFTER SAYING:"REJOICE, WE CONQUER!"