People dine out a lot these days.The natural consequence of this phenomenon is that restaurants are playing an unimportant part in our daily life, especially to business people.

The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he ________.

A) lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist

B) has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic

C) just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries

D) comes up with solutions in a most natural way

A Grassroots Remedy

Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers( 慢跑者)jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.

But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.

The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.

A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.

Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy(等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.

Most bullying（恃强凌弱）is found in schools where there is a tarmac(柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.

But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.

One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs.

Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.

The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.

In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.

Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour. " Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.

We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natur

A．People instinctively seek nature in different ways.

B．People should spend most of their lives in the wild.

C．People have quite different perceptions of nature.

D．People must make more efforts to study nature.

In the past ， most cities usually were the natural outgrowth of villages and towns that happened to prosper． Rome started out as a small village， as did Athens， Paris， London and New York． Of course， there were exceptions to this general rule． In ancient times， Alexandria in Egypt， and Saint Petersburg， were both planned cities． But for the most part， cities throughout history were not the products of deliberate thought． Today the reverse is true ． Many nations， alarmed by the urban sprawl that has been gobbling up farmland and open countryside ， and appalled by the staggering urban problems in the central cities， have begun building new cities that are specifically designed to meet modern needs． Britain has long been a pioneer in planning new cities ． As the first nation to become industrialized and urbanized， it faced traffic， slums and pollution long before anyone else． In 1898 an Englishman， Sir Ebenezer Howard， published a book called To－morrow： a Peaceful Path to Real Reform， in which he advocated a new form of urban growth and organization： the “garden city”． Such a city combined the beauty of nature－trees， grass， sunshine and fresh air －with all the advantages of city living， including an abundance of jobs， social and cultural centres and good shopping facilities ． The garden city was to be fairly small int size and the inhabitants would have easy access to the countryside， while at the same time they would be close to their work． In 1899 Howard organized the Garden City Association and in 1903 and 1920 he built the first and the second garden city ， Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City ． These projects encountered many difficulties and failed to arouse widespread enthusiasm． Nevertheless， both Welwyn and Letchworth survived and grew， and in later years－particularly after World War II －British planners looked at them with renewed interest． The war had given the British a painful lesson in the weakness of modern，heavily populatedcities． Cities were not the places of refuge they had once been． One the contrary， the invention of the aeroplane had made them the most vulnerable targets for attack． Aerial warfare made it clear that people were far safer outside the great urban centres． It was better not to concentrate so much of the population and industrial resources in a few large cities， but to spread them out into many smaller towns and cities ． Fast ， modern transportation methods made such dispersal possible．Furthermore，these new towns－modeled on Howard’s garden cities－could also drain off the surplus population of the large cities， relieving the overcrowded conditions， housing shortages， slums and traffic jams that plagued them． Questions 1 to 3 Mark each statement as either true （T） or false （F） according to the passage． 1． In the past， most cities were not planned and they just grew up spontaneously． 2． Garden cities built by Howard never aroused widespread enthusiasm． 3． It can be inferred that the author believes the construction of big cities is a mistake． Questions 4—5 Translate the following sentences of the passage into Chinese ． Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet． 4． Many nations， alarmed by the urban sprawl that has been gobbling up farmland and open countryside， and appalled by the staggering urban problems in the central cities， have begun building new cities that are specifically designed to meet modern needs． 5． Furthermore， these new towns－modeled on Howard’s garden cities－could also drain off the surplus population of the large cities， relieving the overcrowded conditions， housing shortages， alums and traffic jams that plagued them．

______is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition.

The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he ______.

A．has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic

B．lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist

C．just reads about other people's observations and discoveries

D．comes up with solutions in a most natural way

The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he ______. ( )

A．has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic

B．lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist

C．just reads about other people's observations and discoveries

D．comes up with solutions in a most natural way

In 99 cases out of a 100, insomnia(失眠) is caused by a disturbance of the natural sleep rhythm. The reasons why the rhythm has been disturbed are many; they can range from drugs to alcohol to mental illness to health problems to unresolved stress to bad sleep habits. A sudden change in lifestyle. or climate can do it, or a change in a job or an emotional relationship.

Certainly the body must have enough sleep. Tests of sleep-deprived people have proved that lack of sleep can cause fairly rapid physical and mental deterioration(退化). On the other hand, the body doesn't need too much sleep. So if you're sleeping in front of the TV, you might find it difficult to sleep soundly at night. Similarly, if you're holidaying in Spain and spending your days sleeping on the beach, chances are that you'll be wide awake at bedtime.

One interesting phenomenon regarding insomnia is that of summer insomnia. Some people have difficulty sleeping during the summer due to longer daylight hours and warmer nights. Many summer insomniacs feel an almost overwhelming urge to put their heads down on their desks in the afternoons, but they can't find a way to compensate for their wakeful nights. For the worst sufferers I sometimes prescribe a mild sleeping pill which, after a few nights, reestablishes the body's natural sleep rhythm, conditioning it to accept the heat.

From the passage, insomnia results from ______.

A．interruption of the ordinary sleep pattern

B．being unable to sleep

C．keeping awake at night

D．drugs to treat a special disease

It was low tide on Cape Cod, and coastal naturalist Dick Hilmer was getting his feet wet a half mile off the Brewster shoreline. "Cape Cod was formed by glaciers 18,000 years ago," he told his small audience of journalists. "A mile-high sheet of ice moved down from the top of the world, and as it dropped rocks they formed the Cape. As the glacier went north, a mile and a half of sand dropped into Cape Cod Bay".

And that is why current visitors to the Cape can walk so far out on the tidal flats at low tide, and stroll along 40 miles of sandy beaches that are now part of the U.S. National Seashore. As we walked, Hilmer pointed out the life all around us, from strands of sea lettuce to hermit crabs to periwinkles. The kids picked up razor clams, quahogs and other ephemera, some of it delightfully alive.

Red tide (Alexandrium fundyense) on the Cape and north as far as Isle au Haut in Maine caused great damage to many of these sea lives in 2005. It was the most widespread outbreak since 1972. Red tide produces a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in the tissue of bivalves (双壳类), and while it doesn't harm its host it can cause paralysis or respiratory problems for seafood fans. Many clam, oyster and mussel beds were shut down as a result. It's unclear what causes the phenomenon.

Cape Cod extends 65 miles out into the Atlantic, making its tip the easternmost point in the U. S.. It's shaped like a bending arm, and it covers 399 square miles with 15 distinct towns. Brewster is in the Lower Cape, on the bay side of the Cape's elbow. It's home to Ocean Edge, a rambling resort hotel that employs Hilmer to teach visitors about the natural history of the region.

Ocean Edge was originally a lavish private home owned by the Nickerson family. Built in 1890 and then rebuilt after a 1906 fire. But now it throws its doors open to vacationing families.

Ocean Edge has its own 18-hole golf course (being renovated by Nicklaus Design), bike trails, tennis courts, swimming pools and private beach). The 335-room facility is undergoing a $5 million improvement project this year, with the aim of making it attractive to visitors in the "shoulder" seasons around the high months of July and August. Two-day "Explore" hotel packages, including a pair of whale watch tickets and breakfast are $464 to $664, depending on the season.

The length of Cape Cod is ______.

A．399 miles

B．a mile

C．40 miles

D．65 miles

听力原文： The first thing people see, in the morning, when they walk outside is the sky or the colored sun. Is this world giving us the privilege of seeing the natural colors of the sun through all the layers of pollution within the air? Not only are beautiful sights such as this hidden behind the pollution this world causes everyday, but an increase in diseases, infections and death occurs. What causes pollution? What can we do to prevent it, and get rid of it? Is it fair to the children of the future to have to suffer the consequences that pollution causes? Why not take care of the problem now? Factory and business owners have the ability to prevent air pollution. Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of harmful gases, liquids, or solids. Air pollution, known as smoke pollution for many years, resulted from coal combustion. smog has been a problem in coal-burning areas for several centuries. smog finally decreased when coal combustion was replaced by oil and gas combustion. Air pollution is caused by a number of different types of pollutants. The first type, particulate matter, consists of solid and liquid aerosols suspended in the atmosphere. These arise from the burning of coal and from industrial processes. Atmospheric particles can scatter and absorb stmlight which reduces visibility. Particles also reduce visibility by attenuating the light from objects and illuminating the air causing the contrast between the objects and their backgrounds to reduce. Not only does it effect visibility, but it hastens the erosion of building materials and the corrosion of metals, interferes with the human respiratory system, and brings toxic materials into the body. The small particles cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and lung cancer. The second type is sulfur oxides which come from the burning of coal and industrial processes. Damage to materials, to vegetation, and to the human respiratory system are caused by the acid nature of oxides. small quantities of sulfur oxides can increase illness and mortality. The third type of pollutant is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas against which humans have no protection. Carbon monoxide comes from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles and secondarily from industrial processes.

What is the first thing that people ought to do in face of pollution, according to the author?

A．To see the sky outside in the morning.

B．To walk outside to see the colored sun.

C．To take care of, and prevent air pollution now.

D．To analyse the different layers of air pollution.