第1题
In 1950 some research workers in America discovered that languages change at a steady rate through the centuries. They organized their investigation in the following ways. First, they prepared a list of 200 things for which there are common words in every language. Then they compared these words in modern languages with the ancient languages from which the modem ones had developed. They found that for a certain proportion of the 200 things, the ancient words continued to be used, though written or pronounced differently. But in other cases the ancient words had been replaced by new words which had been introduced into the language.
After a thousand years, on the average, 81% of the old words (162 of the 200 words) were still in use. After 2000 years, on the average, 81% of these 162 words (or 66% of the original to tal of 200) remained. After 3000 years, 81% of these 131 words (or 53% of the original number) remained in use, and so on.
Next this group of research workers investigated situations where two different languages had developed separately and independently, from the same ancient language, (In modern times, of course, such situations are very unlikely to occur. Why?) They found that after 1,000 years, as be fore, each daughter language shared only 66% of the basic 200-word vocabulary. Each daughter language, as before, derived 81% of its 200 words from the original parent language. But (as you might expect) the words which they kept were not quite the same. The proportion of words actually shared by the daughter languages was therefore 81% of 81%, which is 66% of the original 200 words. After 2000 years they shared 66% of 66% of the words, i.e. 43% of the original vocabulary. And after 3000 years they shared only 29% of the original vocabulary.
A long time ago, some Eskimos, speaking the Eskimo language, left the mainland of Alaska and began to live in a group of islands (called the Aleutian Islands) at some instance from the coast. Recently, research workers compared the islander's language with the modern Eskimo language. They found that the Aleutians and the Eskimos shared only 29% of the words, on the stand ard list. From this fact the investigators were able to calculate the date of the event referred to at the beginning of this paragraph.
From the passage, we can infer that language clock is ______.
A.a mechanic clock
B.a figurative clock
C.an electronic clock
D.a diamond clock
第2题
What is the course in the passage about?
A.Investigation.
B.Career interests.
C.Public relation.
D.Public affair.
第3题
A.is a good way to lose weight
B.makes a person overweight
C.is harmful to tissue building
D.should be encouraged if a person has heart disease
第4题
A.cuckoo
B.blackboard
C.door
D.book
第5题
Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs. In this way the business companies can save the cost of finding new employees. A third of 1,000 workers surveyed by a consulting firm said they did not get thanked at all when they did well-and a further third said they were not thanked enough. In both cases. staff said they felt undervalued,meaning they were less likely to exert themselves and were more likely to look for employment elsewhere.
The result of the survey shows that there would be around £5.2 billion loss in productivity if the employees felt less appreciated. According to the firm,praising staff has the same positive effect as a 1 per cent pay rise-and works out much cheaper for bosses. Three out of four employees said that regular acknowledgement by their bosses was important to them,but only a quarter said they were actually given as much praise as they felt they needed.
The survey found that those in blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely to be given any recognition for doing well. But it seems that they most need such praise.
In regional terms,Scottish staff felt most undervalued. Four out of ten workers said they were never thanked and eight out of ten said they would like more praise. However. workers in the North-East are less impressed by being praised by the boss,as only 69 per cent said they felt the need to be told“well done”regularly. Older employees and women need the most reassurance,according to psychologist Averil Leimon. She said that words of praise did more than creating a pleasant place to work-they could even promote profits.
The survey indicates that politeness could save businesses a huge amount of money every year because______.
A.politeness makes employees expect pay rise
B.politeness is less likely to make staff work harder
C.politeness helps employers find proper employees
D.politeness helps employers reduce the cost of staff employment
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