【简答题】Case file study（You can answer the questio...【简答题】Case file study（You can answer the question either in Chinese or English) A 68-year-old female in a hypertensive crisis is being treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) with intravenous nitroprusside for 48 hours. The patient’s blood pressure was brought back down to normal levels; however, she was complaining of a burning sensation in her throat and mouth followed by nausea and vomiting, diaphoresis, agitation, and dyspnea. The nurse noticed a sweet almond smell in her breath. An arterial blood gas revealed a significant metabolic acidosis. A serum test suggests a metabolite of nitroprusside, thiocyanate, is at toxic levels. 1.What is the likely cause of her symptoms？ 2.What is the biochemical mechanism of this problem？ 3.What is the treatment for this condition？

【简答题】Case file study（You can answer the question either in Chinese or English) A 50-year-old Hispanic female presents to your clinic with complaints of excessive thirst, fluid intake, and urination. She denies any urinary tract infection symptoms. She reports no medical problems, but has not seen a doctor in many years. On examination she is an obese female in no acute distress. Her physical exam is otherwise normal. The urinalysis revealed large glucose, and a serum random blood sugar level was 320mg/dL. 1.What is the most likely diagnosis? 2.What other organ systems can be involved with the disease? 3.What is the biochemical basis of this disease?

【简答题】Case file study（You can answer the question either in Chinese or English) A 1-year-old girl is brought to her pediatrician’s office with concerns about her development. She had an uncomplicated birth outside the United States at term. The mother reports that the baby is not achieving the normal milestones for a baby of her age. She also reports an unusual odor to her urine and some areas of hypopigmentation on her skin and hair. On exam, the girl is noted to have some muscle hypotonia and microcephaly. The urine collected is found to have a “mousy” odor 1.What is the most likely diagnosis? 2.What is the biochemical biasis of the hyporpigmented skin and hair?

【简答题】You can answer the question either in Chinese or English A 15-year-old African-American female presents to the emergency room with complaints of bilateral thigh and hip pain. The pain has been present for 1 day and is steadily increasing in severity. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen have not relieve her symptoms. She denies any recent trauma or excessive exercise. She does report feeling fatigued and has been having burning with urination along with urinating frequently. She reports having similar pain episodes in the past, sometimes requiring hospitalization. On examination, she is afebrile (without fever) and in no acute distress. No one in her family has similar episodes. Her conjunctiva and mucosal membranes are slightly pale in coloration. She has nonspecific bilateral anterior thigh pain with no abnormalities appreciated. The remainder of her examination is completely normal. Her white blood cell count is elevated at 17,000/mm3, and her hemoglobin (Hb) level is decreased at 7.1g/dL. The urinalysis demonstrated an abnormal number of numerous bacteria. 1. What is the most likely diagnosis? 2. What is the molecular genetics behind this disorder? 3. What is the pathophysiologic mechanism of her symptoms?

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【简答题】Passage one Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself anactor (with a beard) and did his share of noise - making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side – don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight -seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy ofthe Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) –lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeansand sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside thetheatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m. 1. From the first two paragraphs , we learn that A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism 2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater 3. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties C. the town is not really short of money D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid 4. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending B. the company is financially ill-managed C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable D. the theatre attendance is on the rise 5. From the text we can conclude that the author A. is supportive of both sides B. favors the townsfolk’s view C. takes a detached attitude D. is sympathetic to the RSC. Passage Two Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement -utopian socialism--which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated inthe first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls. New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United Statesrequires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism. The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution toearly socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern ofSaint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism. European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideascan be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians' appreciation of later feminism in Franceand the United States remained limited. Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation ofhis project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. Thenew world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia. Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life. 1.It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as "solitary" to be A insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought B overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848 C not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scope D insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference 2.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women's rights? A It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feminist thought. B It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad. C It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement. D It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism 3.The author's attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of A approval of the specific focus of their research B disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians'energy after 1832 C approval of their general focus on social conditions D disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts 4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study A would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminism B would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism ofearly American feminists C would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832 D promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 1848 5. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians? A A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education B A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status C A society in which women did not enter public life D A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power

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