With their elaborate and colorful costumes and facial make-up, the performers produce vivi

The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone's experience in the organization.

Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, CocaCola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big com panics, he weighs the different elements that make for longterm career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.

Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She added, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight (公众注意中心).

According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (in Para. 1) probably refers to ______.

A．the opinions, which contradict the established beliefs

B．criticisms that shape everyone's experience

C．the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye

D．the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization

The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best, left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone's experience in the organization.

Consider the novel view of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, Coca-Cola, and Merth. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%, and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high they are.

Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead—that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion," she adds. "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使…不突出) their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.

According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (Line 2, Para. 1) probably refers to "______".

A．criticisms that shape everyone's experience

B．the opinions which contradict the established beliefs

C．the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye

D．the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization

Text 2

The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk a bout things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone' s experience in the organization.

Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead.

Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management department, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT & T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image 30%; and exposure, a full 60%.

Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion.

He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. Ridiculous beliefs? Not too many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes.

"Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs, "says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you' 11 get ahead that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She added, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.

26. According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (Para. 1) probably refers to"______".

A) the opinions which contradict the established beliefs

B) criticisms that shape everyone's experience

C)the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye

D) the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization

What do officials do during the game of football?

A．Watch the game.

B．Take up tickets.

C．Make sure the rules are followed.

D．Kick the ball.

?Read this text taken from an article about wholesaler marketing decisions.

?Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.

?For each gap 9--14, mark one letter (A--H) on your Answer Sheet.

?Do not use any letter more than once.

Wholesaler Marketing Decisions

Wholesalers, like retailers, must make decisions on their target market, product assortment, pricing, promotion and place. Many wholesalers make the mistake of serving too many customers. They need to define their target market. H

On the other hand, they need to discourage the customers who are not profitable enough by requiring larger orders or adding surcharges to smaller ones. The wholesaler's product is his assortment. Unfortunately, many of them carry too wide a range of goods. (9) . They need to identify the more profitable lines and vary inventory levels accordingly. Wholesalers usually mark up the cost of goods by about 20 percent to cover their expenses. This often leaves a margin of about 3 percent profit. (10) . They are cutting margins on some lines in order to win new customers, and on other lines they are asking for special prices when they can increase the supplier's sales.

(11) . Their use of trade advertising, sales promotion, publicity and personal selling is largely haphazard. (12) . They certainly need to develop an overall promotion strategy. Finally, wholesalers typically locate in Iow- rent, low-tax areas and put very little money into their physical setting and offices. In many cases they don't invest enough in material- handling and order-processing systems. (13) . Progressive wholesales have already moved over to the automated warehouse where orders are fed into a computer, items are picked up by mechanical devices and conveyed on a belt to the dispatch area for packing. (14) .

A They should not carry too many lines or too much stock.

B Many wholesalers are now using computers to carry out accounting, billing, inventory control and forecasting.

C They need to adopt some of the image-making techniques used by retailers.

D Most wholesalers are not promotion-minded enough.

E They need to adopt some methods used by sellers.

F Wholesalers are beginning to experiment with new approaches to prices.

G To meet rising costs, they need to study the advantages of automated handling procedures.

H They need to identify the more profitable customers and design stronger offers and build relationships with them.

(9)