Why do auditors establish a preliminary judgment about materiality？

TV Games Shows

One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the best sellers list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight.

This is the principle behind quiz or game shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prize and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers, who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they would turn the show off. Based on his story, a movie under the title Quiz Show is on 40 years later.

Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.

TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

Why do Americans try to use a short way of saying?

A．It's easy to remember.

B．They like to shorten long names.

C．They try to say things as quickly as possible.

D．They are told to do so.

听力原文：W: Wake up, Frank, time to rise.

M: Ha, oh, hi, Jane, I must have fallen asleep while I was reading.

W: You and everyone else. It looks more like a campground than a library.

M: Well, the dorm's too noisy to study in, and I find this place is quiet.

W: Have you had any luck finding a topic for your paper?

M: No. Professor White told us to write about anything in cultural anthropology. I wish she had not given us so much of a choice.

W: Well, why not write about the ancient civilizations of Mexico. You seem to be interested in that part of the world.

M: I am, but there is too much material to cover. I'll be writing forever, and White only wants five to seven pages.

W: So then limit it to one region of Mexico, Say the Uka town. You've been there and you said it's got lots of interesting relics.

M: That's not a bad idea. I brought many books and things back with me last summer, that would be great resource material, now if I can only remember where I put them.

What was Frank doing when Jane approached him?

A．Chatting with his friends.

B．Sleeping.

C．Reading.

D．Doing his assignment.

听力原文：W: Wake up, Erik, time to rise and shine.

M: Ha, oh, hi, Jane, I must have fallen asleep while I was reading.

W: You and everyone else. It looks more like a campground than a library.

M: Well, the dorm's too noisy to study in, and I guess this place is too quiet.

W: Have you had any luck finding a topic for your paper?

M: No, Prof. Grant told us to write about anything in cultural anthropology. For once I with she had not given us so much of a choice.

W: Well, why not write about the ancient civilizations of Mexico. You seem to be interested in that part of the world.

M: I am, but there is too much material to cover. I'll be writing forever, and Grant only wants five to seven pages.

M: So then limit it to one region of Mexico, say the Uka town. You've been there and you said it's got lots of interesting relics.

M: That's not a bad idea. I brought many books and things back with me last summer, that would be great resource material, now if I can only remember where I put them.

Why has the woman come to talk to the man?

A．To discuss his trip to Mexico.

B．T0 bring him a message from Professor Grant.

C．To ask for help with an anthropology assignment.

D．To see what progress he's made on his paper.

听力原文：W: Wake up, Eric. Time to rise and shine.

M: Huh. Oh, hi, Jane. I must have fallen asleep while I was reading.

W: You and everyone else. It looks like a campground than a library.

M: Well, the dorm's too noisy to study in, and I guess this place is too quiet.

W: Have you had any luck finding a topic for your paper?

M: No. Prof. Grant told us to write about anything in cultural anthropology. For once I wish she hadn't given us so much of a choice.

W: Well, why not write about the ancient civilizations of Mexico. You seem to be interested in that part of the world.

M: I am. But there is too much material to coven I'll be writing forever, and Grant only wants five to seven pages.

W: So then limit it to one region of Mexico. Say the Ukatun. You've been there and you said it's got lots of interesting relics.

M: That's not a bad idea. I bought plenty of books and things back with me last summer. That would be great resource material. Now if I can only remember where I put them.

(20)

A．Planning a trip.

B．Reading.

C．Sleeping.

D．Doing research.

听力原文：M: One of the most common questions we ask about people's behavior. is why. Why does she say this? Why does he do that? Sometimes the reason is obvious. For example, someone is driving down the street, the light turns red, and he stops, why?

W: Because he has to, legally I mean.

M: Exactly! In this case the reason is obvious, so we usually don't question it. But when the reason is not so obvious and especially when the behavior. could have negative consequences, we're more likely to feel a need to explain the causes of the behavior. Social psychologists have a term for this, for the process of explaining the muses of behavior. It's called causal attribution. And one theory suggests there's a pattern in the way we go about attributing causes to people's behavior. According to this theory, there are two categories of reasons: internal factors and external factors. Again, Lisa, say you're driving down the mad and all of a sudden some guy turns into the lane right in front of you, and you have to slam on your brake to amid an accident. How do you react?

W: I'll probably get very angry.

M: Because...

W: Well, he's not paying attention; he's a bad driver.

M: So you automatically attribute the driver's behavior. to an internal factor. He himself is to blame because he is careless.

W: So if I said it was because of heavy traffic or something. I'd be attributing his behavior. to an external factor, something beyond his control.

M: Good. Now how will you explain your own negative behavior?

W: I should blame external lectors.

M: That's right.

(23)

A．When they're unable to control the person's behavior.

B．When the causes of the behavior. are obvious.

C．When the consequences of the behavior. are unpleasant.

D．When the behavior. is expected.

听力原文：M: One of the most common questions we ask about people's behavior. is why. Why does she say this? Why does he do that? Sometimes the reason is obvious. For example, someone is driving down the street, the light turns red, and he stops, why?

W: Because he has to, legally I mean.

M: Exactly! In this case the reason is obvious, so we usually don't question it. But when the reason is not so obvious and especially when the behavior. could have negative consequences, we're more likely to feel a need to explain the catkins of the behavior. Social psychologists have a term for this, for the process of explaining the muses of behavior. It's called causal attribution. And one theory suggests there's a pattern in the way we go about attributing causes to people's behavior. According to this theory, there are two categories of reasons: internal factors and external factors. Again, Lisa, say you're driving down the road and all of a sudden some guy turns into the lane right in front of you, and you have to slam on your brake to avoid an accident. How do you react?

W: I'll probably get very angry.

M: Because.

W: Well, he's not paying attention; he's a bad driver.

M: So you automatically attribute the driver's behavior. to an internal factor. He himself is to blame because he is careless.

W: So if I said it was because of heavy traffic or something. I'd be attributing his behavior. to an external factor, something beyond his control.

M: Good. Now how will you explain your own negative behavior?

W: I should blame external factors.

M: That's right.

(24)

A．Judging people's behavior.

B．Common causes of anger.

C．Changing people's attitudes.

D．The effects of negative behavior.

Why do we say that lawyers are one of the most reactionary forces in American society?

A．They practice the art of distortion in an effort to win legal games where we need honest communications.

B．They promote conflict and blame when we need cooperation and self-responsibility.

C．They promote division where we need unity.

D．All of the above.

Why do we say that lawyers are one of the most reactionary forces in American society?

A．They practice the art of distortion in an effort to win legal games where we need honest communications.

B．They promote conflict and blame when we need cooperation and self-responsibility.

C．They promote division where we need unity.

D．All of the above.