This marked a 7% increase and the r_____ of a steady five-year downward trend. （turnaround, U-turn, backtracking)

With the steady increase in the amount of leisure time that people enjoy today, the importance of businesses that deal with leisure products and services is also steadily increasing.

One of the biggest such industries is the tourist industry. Providing transportation and accommodations for tourists—and guides, brochures, souvenirs—is one of the major industries in many countries.

Another industry obviously devoted to leisure is entertainment. Movies, TV, shows, concerts and plays are usually intended for our leisure. The same can be said of most books, except textbooks.

This list could be greatly extended. But even among these industries, we have mentioned only part of the picture. The people who make TV sets and build the theatres and hotels are as much a part of the leisure industry as the singers or the hotel clerks.

Introduction: Growing【46】.

Some aspects of leisure industry:【47】.

【48】.

Other related industries:【49】.

【50】.

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Reading to oneself is a modern activity, which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval(中世纪的) worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace(平常的事).

One should be alert, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument among educationists over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever was its virtue, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by hooks and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them that were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about silent reading according to the passage?

A．Silent reading can not distract other's attention.

B．Silent reading is more efficient than reading aloud.

C．The development of silent reading indicated an increase of libraries.

D．Silent reading illustrates human's progress in learning skills.

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

All R&D executives have two major responsibilities: (1) they must ensure that the company is supplied with technically successful projects, and (2) they must select the most promising schemes and ideas for the expenditure of R&D resources. This work is complicated by numerous uncertainties, inasmuch as commercial research and development must be based on market forecasts.

If R&D management can provide a regular flow of new and updated products, the company will benefit in a number of ways. First of all, it will be able to make full use of expensive departmental resources, development engineering and available marketing capacity. In addition to that, a flow of new market winners will provide the business with steady growth income and profits. This can also be important psychologically, for it is often on this basis that those outside the company assess the quality of its management.

The R&D department's job is made more difficult because of the length of time required to complete its research. In the chemical and pharmaceutical (制药的) industries, for example, it may take five to ten years before a product is a technical success and a further six to eight years before it reaches full commercial potential.

To achieve results, R&D must define both the areas that should be investigated and the objectives that should be achieved in each area. For this reason, the R&D department must take an interest in all aspects of design, application, efficiency, and use of appropriate materials. There is a difference, however, between the development of new consumer products and the development of new industrial ones. In consumer markets, the search for a new product often begins after a statement of a specific need, and development is tailored to meet it. In many industrial markets, product development is the result of work down in the research laboratory. This work is often aimed at a general need, such as a new kind of medicine or higher operating speeds for machines. When the new industrial project has been developed, its performance can be analyzed in terms of customer needs.

In order to develop his company, the R&.D manager should have a sense of ______.

A．psychological communication

B．market prediction

C．management distribution

D．departmental resources development

The discharge flow of a reciprocating pump is ______.

A.steady

B.in pulsation

C.continuous

D.large

听力原文： Reading to oneself is a modem activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and mediaeval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

One should be cautious, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud.

As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.

Questions:

16. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

17. What did the development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicate?

18. What are educationalists still arguing about?

19. What did the emergence of the mass media and of specialized periodicals show?

20. What is the writer of this talk attempting to do?

(36)

A．Silent reading had not been discovered.

B．There were few places available for private reading.

C．Few people could read for themselves.

D．People retied on reading for entertainment.

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

One should be cautious, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud.

As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity' in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term" reading" implied.

Why was reading aloud common before the nineteen century?

A．Silent reading had not been discovered.

B．There were few places available for private reading.,.

C．Few people could read for themselves.

D．people relied on reading for entertainment.