DJ is short for Daniel Jones Phonetic Symbol and is widely used in England and was considered as American English pronunciation.

听力原文： In many places, ice is as widely used as bread, and it would be surprising indeed if ice did not give birth to many special phrases.

The expression, "to break the ice," meant, to make your first move, to do something for the first time; it was not possible until the ice was broken. Later, the expression developed another meaning, covering a relationship between people. When you have not broken the ice with someone, you have not yet cleared the way to his trust in you, to his friendship. You must get through to him, just as the small boats had to clear the river's ice jam.

When you tell someone that he "cuts no ice" with you, you are making certain things clear to him—that you are not moved or impressed or influenced by him in any way. You are putting it to him straight--that he is getting nowhere with you.

"Skating on thin ice" is something else again. This means that a man may be doing or saying some thing risky. It might be offensive and get him into trouble. Thin ice is not much support; if he is not more careful, he may sink right through.

In sports or any other kind of contest, you will hear the phrase, "The game is on ice"or"It is iced up." This simply means that the game is really over, that one side is so far ahead that the other cannot catch up. There is no longer any doubt as who the winner will be.

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A．One may be doing something quite difficult.

B．One may be doing something quite risky.

C．One may be doing something quite annoying.

D．One may be doing something impossible.

A．The nettle is widely used in the twine industry today.

B．The nettle's stinging hairs are a protective device.

C．American Indians found many uses for the nettle.

D．The slender nettle is found over a wide area of China.

Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as wax and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. In making such models, painstaking skill and artistry are called for, as well as thorough knowledge of plant structure. The collection of glass flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University is the most famous in North America and is widely known throughout the scientific world. In all, there are several thousand models in colored glass, the work of two artists-naturalists, Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolph.

The intention was to have the collection represent at least one member of each flower family native to the United States. Although it was never completed, it contains more than seven hundred species representing 164 families of flowering plants, a group of fruits showing the effect of fungus diseases, and thousands of flower parts and magnified details. Every detail of these is accurately reproduced in color and structure. The models ate kept in locked cases, as they are too valuable and fragile for classroom use.

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．An Extensive Collection of Glass Flowers.

B．The Live Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka.

C．Flowers Native to the United States.

D．Materials Used for Artificial Flowers.

The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.

Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U. S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts a result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.

More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.

What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After ail, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

As education improved, humanity's productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity to the forested future. on the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.

The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ______.

A．is subject groundless doubts

B．has fallen victim of bias

C．is conventional downgraded

D．has been overestimated

The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.

Ironically, the first evidence for this ides appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.

More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.

What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. Alter all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.

The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries ______.

A．is subject to groundless doubts

B．has fallen victim of bias

C．is conventionally downgraded

D．has been overestimated

The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.英译汉

Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.

Passage One

Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as wax and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. In making such models, painstaking skill and artistry are called for, as well as thorough knowledge of plant structure. The collection of glass flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University is the most famous in North America and is widely known throughout the scientific world. In all, there are several thousand models in colored glass, the work of two artists-naturalists, Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolph.

The intention was to have the collection represent at least one member of each flower family native to the United States. Although it was never completed, it contains more than seven hundred species representing 164 families of flowering plants, a group of fruits showing the effect of fungus diseases, and thousands of flower parts and magnified details. Every detail of these is accurately reproduced in color and structure. The models ate kept in locked cases, as they are too valuable and fragile for classroom use.

31. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. An Extensive Collection of Glass Flowers.

B. The Live Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka.

C. Flowers Native to the United States.

D. Materials Used for Artificial Flowers.

听力原文： Bobby Moore was a famous English soccer player who led the England team to victory against West Germany in the 1966 World Cup Final. As a superb defender, Moore played a hundred and eight games for England's national team from 1962 to 1970 and was captain 90 times. His professional soccer career spans 19 years and 668 matches, a record with no match so far in England. Moore was born in Barking, East London, in 1941. His full name was Robert Frederick Moore. He began playing club soccer in the early 1960s. He was named England's footballer of the year from 1963 to 1964. Moore was known for his sportsmanship on the field. He was not inclined towards wild celebration of girls. In 1967, he was made a member of the order of the British Empire. More retired from playing in 1977, and after spending brief periods managing professional soccer teams, he concentrated on developing a sports marketing company and doing media work. He was sports editor of Sunday sport from 1986 to 1990 and a regular commentator for London's Capital Radio Station from 1990 to 1993. After Moore was diagnosed with cancer, he went public with his battle in 1991 and continued to work until his death in 1993.

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A．90.

B．108.

C．180.

D．668.

The kakapo is widely regarded as the world's most absurd bird. It is a flightless, night-active parrot that lives in New Zealand. It is thus a prime example of the sort of evolutionary experiment that happens on islands that lack serious predators.

Now, sadly, the kakapo population has been reduced to a few dozen individuals. But efforts to preserve the species have led to another sort of experiment—one that has produced the best evidence so far for a so called sex-allocation theory.

Bruce Robertson, of the University of Canterbury, and his colleagues, have been studying a mystery. To keep the kakapo population going, conservationists have been feeding the birds—in particular, the females—so that they stay above the minimum weight they need to breed. That worked splendidly as far as it went. Between 1997 and 2005 the adult population rose from 50 to 83. But the sex ratio went haywire. Those 83 birds are divided into 45 males and 38 females. Moreover, females were producing twice as many sons as daughters. Since another of the kakapo's peculiarities is its breeding system in which the male plays no part in raising the young, the survival prospects of the species are not enhanced by this biased sex ratio.

Dr. Robertson suspected that the sex ratio was not an accident. In all species the number of descendants left by individual males is more variable than the number left by individual females. That means your daughters are more likely to have at least some children than your sons, but successful sons have many more children than successful daughters. In a species like the kakapo, where the males have to display to the females in a fashion show, and where only the showiest males get picked to reproduce, it makes sense to have sons only if they are likely to be the best males around. Other wise it is better to have daughters.

And so it seems to be with the kakapo. By provisioning the birds with as much food as they can eat, females have been brought to the peak of condition—the ideal state to produce top-class sons. And they have done so, in abundance.

To test the correctness of this idea, Dr. Robertson and his team devised a more sophisticated feeding schedule that took account of each female's starting weight and fattened her up to the point at which she was capable of reproducing, but not much further, The result, just published in Biology Letters, was that the sex ratio settled down at a more sensible 50:50. Though it did not actually drop to favor daughters, that is still an impressive agreement with theory. It might even save the kakapo from extinction.

What can be inferred from the description of kakapo?

A．It is the result of an evolutionary experiment.

B．It shares many common features of parrot.

C．Most parrots can fly and are active in the daytime.

D．It is brought to New Zealand by immigrants.