/ɜː/ and /i:/ are the most frequently used vowels in the weak forms of functions words.

The British policeman has several nicknames(绰号), but the most frequently used are "copper" and "bobby". The first name comes from the verb "cop" meaning "to take" or "capture", and the second comes from the first name of Sir Robert Peel, a 19th century politician(政治家), who was the founder of the police force. An early nickname for the policeman was "peeler", but this name has died out.

Visitors to England seem, nearly always, to be very impressed by the English police. In fact, it has be- come a joke that the visitors to Britain, when asked for his views of the country, will always say, at some point or other, "I think your policemen are wonderful".

Well, the British bobby may not always be wonderful but he is usually a friendly and helpful character.

A musical-hall song of some years ago was called, "If you want to know the time, ask a policeman". Nowadays, most people own watches but they still seem to find plenty of other questions to ask the police- man. In London, the policemen spend so much of their time directing visitors about city that one wonders how they ever find time to do anything else!

The British policeman has ______ nicknames mentioned in the passage.

A．several

B．two

C．three

D．many

The English policeman has several nicknames but the most frequently used are “copper” and “bobby”. The first name comes form. the verb “to cop” ( which is also slang ) , meaning “to take”or “to capture” , and the second comes form. the first name of Sir Robert Peel , a 19th century politician , who was the founder of the police force as we know it today . An early nickname for the policeman was “peeler” , but this one has died out .

Whatever we may call them , the general opinion of the police seems to be a favorable one , except , of course , among the criminal part of the community where the police are given more derogatory nicknames which originated in America , such as “fuzz” or “pig” . Visitors to England seem to be very impressed by the English police . It has , in fact , because standing joke that the visitor to Britain , when asked for his views of the country , will always say , at some point or other , “I think your policemen are wonderful”.

Well , the British bobby not always be wonderful but he is usually a very friendly and helpful sort of character . A music-hall song of some years ago was called “If You Want To Know The Time , Ask A Policeman ” . Nowadays , most people own watches but they still seem to find plenty of other questions to ask the policeman . In London , the policeman spend so much of their time directing visitors about the city that one wonders how they ever find time to do anything else .

Two things are immediately noticeable to the stranger when he sees an English policeman for the first time . The first is that does not carry a pistol and the second is that he wears a very distinctive type of headgear , the policeman’s helmet . His helmet , together with his height , enables an English policeman to be time it is suggested that the policeman should be given a pistol and than his helmet should be taken form. him , but both suggestions are resisted by the majority of the public and the police themselves .

Nowadays British people call the policeman________.

A.pig

B.peeler

C.bobby

D.fuzz

Which of following statements is TRUE?A.There are fewer criminals in America than in Britain .

B.The English police usually leave a deep impression on visitors .

C.The English bobby is friendly but not helpful .

D.The English police enjoy having pistols .

If you see an English policeman for the first time , you will probably notice at once that_______.A.he often tells people time

B.he is usually very helpful

C.he has a helmet on the head

D.he wears special clothes

That an English policeman can be seen form some distance is______.A.a standing joke

B.of no help

C.strange and funny

D.of some help

Visitors praise the English police because______.A.they are police and helpful

B.they obey orders

C.they often give thanks

D.they are armed with modern equipment

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

One of the most widely used routing protocols in IP networks is the Routing Information Protocol(RIP)．RIP is the canonical example of a routing protocol built on the (71) algorithm．Routing protocols in internetworks differ slightly from the idealized graph model．In aninternetwork，the goal of the routers to forward packets to various (72) ．

Routers running RIP send their advertisement about cost every (73) seconds．A router also sends an update message whenever an update from another router causes it to change itsrouting table．

It is possible to use a range of different metrics or costs for the links in a routing protocol．RIP takes the simplest approach，with all link costs being equal (74) Thus it always tries tofind the minimum hop route．Valid distances are 1 through (75) ．This also limits RIP torunning on fairly small networks．

（71）

A．distance vector

B．link state

C．flooding

D．minimum spanning tree

One of the most widely used routing protocols in IP networks is the Routing Information Protocol(RIP)．RIP is the canonical example of a routing protocol built on the (71) algorithm．Routing protocols in internetworks differ slightly from the idealized graph model．In aninternetwork，the goal of the routers to forward packets to various (72) ．

Routers running RIP send their advertisement about cost every (73) seconds．A router also sends an update message whenever an update from another router causes it to change itsrouting table．

It is possible to use a range of different metrics or costs for the links in a routing protocol．RIP takes the simplest approach，with all link costs being equal (74) Thus it always tries tofind the minimum hop route．Valid distances are 1 through (75) ．This also limits RIP torunning on fairly small networks．

（71）

A．distance vector

B．link state

C．flooding

D．minimum spanning tree

In which of the following countries is the electronic observation most frequently used?

A．In Japan.

B．In Germany.

C．In America.

D．In France.

The bat is a marvel of evolutionary adaptation. Most of them roost during the day, and are active at night or twilight for they can avoid objects in the dark. I have seen this phenomenon at work. In my youth I used to explore old mining shafts in the Randsburg district. Sometimes my intrusion disturbed clans of bats that were hanging upside down in the dark caves.

They would fly about to evident panic, but the panic was mine, not theirs. Some flew crazily out into the daylight but some merely returned to their perches. None ever touched me, much to my relief.

They may exist but I have never seen a stuffed nylon bat. To children, bats may not be as lovable as koala bears. Perhaps manufacturers do not regard them as marketable. It is not so much their hideous faces and winged bodies that have caused us to get rid of bats, but rather the ancient myths in which dead humans, such as Count Dracula, leave their graves at night in the form. of bats to suck blood from human victims, especially fragile young woman. As we know from some movies these vampires must return to their graves before daylight. Endangered young women can frustrate vampire by sleeping with a string of garlic around their necks.

There are actually three species of bloodsucking bats. They are called vampire bats after the ancient legends, and their tactics are indeed frightful. Like Count Dracula, they feed at night. They make a small cut in their sleeping victim with sharp incisor teeth, usually not even awakening their prey. Then they suck the blood that sustains them.

Should that discourage children from wanting them as pets?

As Mitchell notes from the New Yorker ad, bats are clean and intelligent. Most of them are insect-eaters, and they serve nature by destroying crop-damaging insects. They also pollinate (传授花粉) flowers and spreading seed.

Bat Conservation International claims that without bats a host of insects/pests would multiply unchecked and many of our planet's most valuable plants would go unpollinated.

It is clear that the bat is our friend, and that, despite its appearance, it is here to serve humanity.

I'd be the first to buy a stuffed nylon bat. Children's hearts are big, and bats need love, too.

What does the author mean by saying that "the panic was mine"?

A．In great panic, the bats were driven out of the cave.

B．I was greatly scared by the unexpected view of the hideous flying mammals.

C．The bats were too tiny to cause panic.

D．The bats moved reluctantly from where they stayed.

The bat is a marvel of evolutionary adaptation. Most of them roost during the day, and are active at night or twilight for they can avoid objects in the dark. I have seen this phenomenon at work. In my youth, I used to explore old mining shafts in the Randsburg district. Sometimes my intrusion disturbed clans of bats that were hanging upside down in the dark caves.

They would fly about to evident panic, but the panic was mine, not theirs. Some flew crazily out into the daylight but some merely returned to their perches. None ever touched me, much to my relief.

They may exist but I have never seen a stuffed nylon bat. To children, bats may not be as lovable as koala bears. Perhaps manufacturers do not regard them as marketable. It is not so much their hideous faces and winged bodies that have caused us to get rid of bats, but rather the ancient myths in which dead humans, such as Count Dracula, leave their graves at night in the form. of bats to suck blood from human victims, especially fragile young woman. As we know from some movies these vampires must return to their graves before daylight. Endangered young women can frustrate vampire by sleeping with a string of garlic around their necks.

There are actually three species of bloodsucking bats. They are called vampire bats after the ancient legends, and their tactics are indeed frightful. Like Count Dracula, they feed at night. They make a small cut in their sleeping victim with sharp incisor teeth, usually not even awakening their prey. Then they suck the blood that sustains them.

Should that discourage children from wanting them as pets?

As Mitchell notes from the New Yorker ad, bats are clean and intelligent. Most of them are insect-eaters, and they serve nature by destroying crop-damaging insects. They also pollinate (传授花粉) flowers and spreading seed.

Bat Conservation International claims that without bats a host of insects/pests would multiply unchecked and many of our planet's most valuable plants would go unpollinated.

It is clear that the bar is our friend, and that, despite its appearance, it is here to serve humanity.

I'd be the first to buy a stuffed nylon bat. Children's hearts are big, and bats need love, too.

What does the author mean by saying that "the panic was mine"?

A．In great panic, the bats were driven out of the cave.

B．I was greatly scared by the unexpected view of the hideous flying mammals.

C．The bats were too tiny to cause panic.

D．The bats moved reluctantly from where they stayed.

ACID RAIN: What's the Solution?

One of the wildest regions in the U.S., far from civilization, is the Adirondack area of northern New York State. For years this isolated spot has had the reputation of being one of best fishing spots in the U.S.

As a boy 30 years ago, Bill Marleau first through the Adirondack wilderness near his small cabin on Woods Lake. Thousands of sportsmen have stayed at his father's lodge nearby.

But now Bill's 134 hectares (335 acres) of lakefront land have only scenic value. Gone are those huge trout that used to swim in the turbulent, nutrientrich water a short distance from his doorstep. Gone from the cool nights are the sounds of thousands of frogs and toads.

And gone are the birds that once fed on those water creatures.

Occasionally Bill sees a lone fisherman fruitlessly cast his bait into the empty waters of old lake. "I just don't have the heart to tell," he said. "This old lake's dead. It was killed years ago by acid rain." What is acid rain?

Acid rain is a popular term for precipitation in the form. of rain, sleet, snow or hail that is more acidic than normal. Acid rain is produced when atmospheric moisture combines with pollutants from power plants, factories and automobiles.

When fossil fuels such as coal and oil are burned, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are produced. These two gases react with the water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form. droplets of weak sulfur and nitric acid.

Carried by prevailing winds and weather conditions, clouds containing these droplets travel hundreds, sometimes thousands, of kilometers from the source of the pollutants. Recently scientists found that acid rain now affects huge areas of the North Hemisphere.

Power plants and factories in the heavily industrialized regions of Ohio and Indiana are believed to be the source of the acid rain that killed Woods Lake along with hundreds of others in New York State and eastern Canada. Acid haze over Alaska is believed to come all the way from Japan. And precipitation as acid as vinegar that falls on Scotland and Scandinavia probably originates in England.

How Acidity Is Measured

Scientists measure the acidity of rain in pH units. A pH scale from 0 to 14 is used. Depending upon its chemical composition, a solution is either acidic, alkaline (basic), or neutral. Distilled water, which has a pH of 7, is neutral. Substance with pH values less than 7 are acidic, while those over 7 are alkaline.

Normal rain water with a pH of 5.6 is slightly acidic. But after reacting with industrial pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide, the pH of rain quickly drops.

When acid rain falls to Earth, much of it ends up in lakes and ponds. In addition to failing directly into a lake, acid rains runs off land into streams and rivers that eventually flow into lakes and ponds. Once acid rain gets into them, its effects can be deadly.

Studies started in 1975 in the Adirondacks indicate that salamanders and frogs are the first to die when the pH is lowered. Normally the pH of a lake is 8,0 slightly alkaline. When the pH drops to 7, the eggs of salamanders and frogs fail to hatch. At pH 6.6 snails begin to die.

Bacteria that decompose leaf matter die too, and the leaf matter collects on the lake bottom. As the acidity continues to drop, ail the major food chains in the lake become affected. In time all the fish die.

Eventually primitive, oxygenconsuming plants nearly choke out all other aquatic greenery. Algae and fungal growth that thrive in an acidic environment move in and cover the entire bottom of the now destroyed lake.

Looking like blue vinegar, the lake is now an entirely changed ecosystem. It contains no life expect the fungal and algal growth and a few surfacedwelling water bugs.

&n

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

听力原文：M: Have you ever used any of the services offered by the Career Services Center?

W: (9) I've never logged on to any of the e-fairs, but I have used the career mentoring program. It's great! I've been talking to this cool counselor at the Career Center, and he thinks I would be great in statistics or accounting.

M: Oh yeah? How does he know that?

W: He gave me a couple of tests to measure my interests and abilities. Then, he asked me lots of questions about the type of student I am, and what kind of lifestyle. I want to have after I graduate. Then, he ran a computer cross-check that showed my skills and interests were most closely related to students who have majored in statistics and accounting.

M: But what about finding a job when you graduate?

W: The Career Center also has a huge research database. (10) The counselor told me there'll be lots of jobs in those two fields over the next 10 years.

M: It sounds good, but what if you declare one of those majors and then don't like it?

W: Well, (11) the center can help me find an internship next summer, I can do volunteer work for a company in my major and see if I like it．If I don't, I can change my major. The counselor said the center will be glad to help me with that. It's a great place. You should check it out!

M: Yes，it sounds pretty cool. Can I just stop by their office and ask for help?

W: Well, (12) I think you should call them to make an appointment first.

M: OK. (12) I guess I will do that this afternoon.

9. What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

10.What did the counselor tell the woman about jobs in the fields of statistics and accounting?

11.What will the center do to help the woman to see if she likes the major or not?

12.What will the man probably do next?

(4)

A．She never used the services offered by the Career Services Center.

B．She logged on the e-fairs of the Career Services Center.

C．She didn't like the services offered by the Career Services Center.

D．She has used the career mentoring program.