“O, Captain! My Captain!”is written in the traditional iambic meters rhyming_______ .

In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term "protection". But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, "The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism—indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire (放任政策). Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies' satisfaction."

It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various color simplies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.

The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.

The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the America scene.

This passage is primarily concerned with discussing______.

A．the definition of the new protectionism

B．the difference between new and old protectionism

C．the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world

D．the significance of the welfare state

Part B Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

听力原文：M: Julie Ross is the author of Practical Parenting. She has been running parenting workshops for about 18 years now. Hey, Julie. Good morning. Nice to see you.

W: Good morning.

M: So let's go right into some of the things that parents used to do, corporal punishment for example, to try and discipline their kids, at least gain control. Firstly, you say that parents should not say "No" all the time. Try not to focus on the negative. Accentuate the positive. So let's use an example here, my son is playing with the safety pin in the electric socket. I am probably gonna say, Jack, no, don't do that. What's a better way to go about it?

W: Well, I actually believe that "no" should be used in those occasions. It should be our word that we can stop our children on a dime with. But if they get desensitized to it, if it's "no, don't climb on that; no, honey that's a no no", then when you say "no, don't stick that into the socket", they are not gonna be able to listen to it.

M: So only on rare occasions when it's absolutely important to use the word. no. What about the I-message? In other words, the kids make a mess, instead of saying: You made a mess. Look what you did. Turn it into an I-message, and give me the example of that.

W: I am a big believer in I-messages. And they sound like this. When you throw the ball in the house, I feel annoyed because it could break something. I would like you to play with something else instead. What we wanna do here is we want to make it about us in terms of setting the rules, as parents. We are supposed to be the leaders in the house. And now I-message does refer to I am the parent, I am in charge, and I am comfortable being in charge.

M: Tell me how is this next concept. That is the "when and then" rule—the best example I can think of, your children are eating dinner but they wanna go out and play. OK, so, a lot of people will say, hey, if you eat all of the food on your plate, you can go out and play. What's wrong with that?

W: Children hear the word "if" as a challenge, as a threat. And they will rise to that challenge. It's like "Really? If ? OK, let's just test that out". But the either-or, or the when-then choices, when you've done these order things. So that it's a work first, play later. When you've finished the meal, then you can go outside. When you have brushed your teeth, then we can read books.

M: So they don't hear the word "if" as an incentive. They see it as a challenge and they are gonna rebel against it.

W: You bet.

M: What about when people would say something like, parents will end the sentence with OK. Like if you clean up your room, um, we will get ice-cream, OK? Why is that wrong?

W: What an amount of power that gives to the child! The parents are asking the child’s permission. We are gonna go out, OK? And the child thinks, oh, well, I have the rights to say yes or no.

M: Then the child is in control.

W: Yeah, absolutely.

M: We should ask for e-mails on this, and get you back here in one day, and just go through, and there will be about a million of them. Julie, thanks very much.

Questions:

1.Which of the following titles best suits the interview?

2.According to the interview, who is the interviewee, Julie Ross?

3.According to the interviewee, when should parents say "no" to their kids?

4.The interviewee says that parents should avoid using IF message. Why is it so?

5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tool of child disciplining in the interview?

(21)

A．Just Say No to the Kids

B．Discipline is Not a Dirty Word

C．Parenting, a Difficult Job

D．What are Children Thinking?

Part B Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

听力原文：W: Mr. Roger, how long you have worked on your house! That's wonderful!

M: I became interested in DIY several years ago. You see, my son Thomas is disabled. He's in a wheel chair and I just had to make alternations to the house. I couldn't afford to pay workmen to do it. I have to learn to do it myself.

W: Had you had any experience of this kind of work? Did you have any practical skills?

M: No, I got a few books from the library but they didn't help very much. Then I decided to go to evening classes so that I could learn basic carpentry and electrics.

W: What sort of changes did you make to the house?

M: First of all, practical things to help Thomas. You never really realize the problems handicapped people have until it affects your own family. We used to live in a flat and it was totally unsuitable. Just imagine the problems a disabled person would have in your house. We needed a large house with wide corridors so that Thomas could get from one room to another. We didn't have much money and we had to buy this one. It's over 90 years old and it was in a very bad state of repair.

W: Where did you begin?

M: The electrics. I completely rewired the house so that Thomas could reach all the switches. I had to lower the light switches.

W: What else did you do?

M: By the time I altered everything for Thomas, DIY had become a hobby. I really enjoyed doing things with my hands. Look, I even installed smoke alarms.

W: What was the purpose of that?

M: I was very worried about the fire. You see, Thomas cannot move very quickly. I fitted them so that we could have plenty of warning if there were a fire. I put in a completer burglar alarm system. It took weeks. The front door opens automatically, and I'm going to put a device on Thomas's wheelchair so that he'll be able to open and close it when he wants.

W: What are you working on now?

M: I've just finished the kitchen. I've designed it so that he can reach everything. Now I'm building an extension so that he will have a large room on the ground floor where he can work.

W: Here's a 10,000-pound prize. How are you going to spend it?

M: I'm going to start my own business so that I can convert ordinary houses for disabled people. I think I've become an expert on the subject.

Questions：

1. What has Mr. Roger done to his house?

2.Why did Mr. Roger do something to his house?

3.According to Mr. Roger, what will he do with money he has won?

4.How much is the prize?

5.Which of the following change is NOT mentioned in the conversation?

(21)

A．He painted it.

B．He renovated it.

C．He decorated it.

D．He altered it.

Part B Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

听力原文：Man: Sharon Harper. Now you're a Canadian and you live in Helsinki.

Woman: That's right.

Man: Well, can you tell me why did you come to Finland?

Woman: Well I came to Finland—it was right after I finished university in Toronto where I studied literature—I always wanted to be journalist—and the reason I came to Finland was just for a summer job.

Man: Oh, really?

Woman: Yes—um—some friends of my parents are offering a small summer job. I thought well that would be an interesting experience. I must have really liked it because I've lived in Helsinki now for nine years. I'm a foreign correspondent for a business magazine and I really like Finland. I guess originally the attraction was, you know Finland is off the beaten track—a little less obvious than, say, going to Paris or Rome, and that makes it somewhat exotic and not many Americans some don't even know Finland exists, of course. They don't seem to come here and it's so beautiful, they don't know how beautiful it is.

Man: I'm sure. What do you think the differences are really between life in Canada and in Finland?

Woman: Well, I suppose there is quite a big cultural difference. That would apply really between any European country and America, I suppose. But Finland has a very old and rich culture which they want to preserve, that beautiful of part old Helsinki, which has been preserved as an original Finnish village with all the wooden buildings, the sloping roofs for the snow. It's quite beautiful. Now North America had a culture which I suppose was the culture of the native Americans but that was largely destroyed by the Europeans. So, to that extent, America's a very new country and I love the sense of history that the Finns have as a nation and they can look back on. But at the same time they're very outward looking. That's a strange thing. At the same time they love their history but they're more outward looking than Americans, I would say.

Man: That's interesting.

Woman: Yeah. I think that Americans, and Canadians too, are egocentric, inward looking, they're not very concerned with life outside their continent. That's a fault really, isn't it?

Man: I suppose so, yes.

Woman: There are some things... in some ways Finland resembles Canada. The physical appearance of it, the... the woods, and rock, Northern Ontario, particularly, which reminds me of home. I like that side of it.

Man: So what would you say really were the positive aspects of Finland?

Woman: Well, there's always the sauna. Though I confess I wouldn't be too keen on the rolling in the snow after the sauna, which I guess Finns are keen on. But it's certainly a wonderful invention, isn't it? You feel great after you've had a sauna. The Finns like the simple pleasures in life, and that appeals to me, of course, too. I like trekking in the forests and mushroom picking and all the water sports are wonderful because the water's so pure and clear.

Man: What about the people?

Woman: Well the people are... they're very genuine. Now, there is a lot of talk about how friendly Americans are, but you know.., that "have a nice day" with the smile... there's a lot of phoniness behind that you know... you look in the eyes they're a bit cold... they'll put on the surface charm. However, you feel if a Finn appears to like you and smiles at you, then it's genuine, it's true.

Man: So what would you say were the negative aspects of Finland?

Woman: Well, the Finnish people can be blunt to the point of rudeness, sometimes, and I did say I know, that Americans

A．She finished university in Finland.

B．She was a journalist.

C．She came to Finland to work during her vacation.

D．She has heard Finland a very beautiful country.

第二篇

Surprised by a Miracle

I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" (昏迷) patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it often it's "wishful thinking" on the families' part. Nurses can easily become callous （麻木不仁的) to it.

On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient's wife came ~n. I had taken care of him for several nights I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn't do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning (抽吸)

His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, "Donna, he's moving his hand!"

I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, "1 asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!"

This led me to another train of questioning. "But, did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked

I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify (抚慰) her than to make her think that I didn't believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.

She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did.

I said, "Well, ask him to let go." He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn't believe that he had done it on purpose.

So, I said, "Ask him to hold up one finger." He did as asked.

Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen (肿胀的) and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up."

36 The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient

A is found to be following commands.

B is callous to nurses' commands.

C is thought to be following commands.

D is used to following commands.

I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it. Often it's "wishful thinking" on the families' part. Nurses can easily become callous to it.

On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient's wife came in. I had taken care of him for severam nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn't do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning.

His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, "Donna, he's moving his hand!"

I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, "I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did !"

This led me to another train of questioning. "But, did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.

I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didn't believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.

She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, "Well, ask him to let go." He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn't believe that he had done it on Purpose. So, I said, "Ask him to hold up one finger." He did as asked.

Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up. "

The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient ______.

A．is found to be following commands

B．is thought to be following commands

C．is used to following commands

D．is callous to nurses' commands