（）can warm the stomach, and accelerate digestion. Therefore, drinking warm（）in the cold winter is the most suitable choice.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A．Thanks to the public outreach programs initiated by marine organizations, new algae growth has slowed in recent years.

B．For now, all that can be done is to prevent the establishment of new algae colonies and raise awareness about the threat.

C．Anyone who encounters the algae in the wild should exercise extreme caution and report the sighting to the authorities immediately.

D．Unfortunately, independent scientists and research organizations have so far been unable to find a solution to the problem of the invasive algae.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A．Eroded sediments from rocks at the surface would be slowly transported to the depths of the ocean, where intense heat would change their physical structure.

B．Rocks brought to the surface by volcanoes were eroded, carried as sediments to the seafloor, and then formed into rocks to begin the cycle anew.

C．Erosion was the driving force behind this rock cycle, for without it, there would be no fresh sediments to form. new rocks.

D．The immense power released during periods of volcanic activity resulted in the movement of rocks from great depths up to the surface.

How can a single postage stamp be worth $ 16,800?

Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its original value.

The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847, an order for stamps was sent to a London printer--Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps.

(32) Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius' Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words "Post Office" instead of "Post Paid" on the several hundred stamps that he printed.

Today there are only 26 of these misprinted stamps left-fourteen One-Penny OrangeReds and twelve Two-penny Blues. Because of the Two-penny Blues' rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $ 16,800 for it.

A postage stamp's value to collectors is raised if______.

A．there are few others like it

B．there are errors on the stamp

C．a mistake is made in the printing

D．both A and C

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A．The Mannerists subtly undermined the Church"s authority instead of serving it through the traditions of Renaissance art.

B．The Mannerists helped advance art beyond simple religious purposes toward the trend that would appreciate reason and science.

C．Instead of inspiring spiritual awe, the Mannerists broke with Renaissance conventions to pioneer a new point of view.

D．The Mannerists wanted to fascinate viewers in a way that conventional religious art did not.

How can a single postage stamp be worth $ 16,800?

Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one in expensive' postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its original value.

The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small is land in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printer, and Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps.

Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball (舞会) was planned at Mauritius' Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instructed to copy the de sign for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words "Post Office" instead of "Post Paid" on the sever al hundred stamps that he printed.

Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left--fourteen "One Penny Orange-Reds" and twelve "Two Penny Blues". Because of the Two Penny Blue's rareness (罕见) and age, collectors have paid as much as $ 16,800 for it.

A postage stamp's value to collectors is raised if ______.

A．there are few others like it

B．there are no errors on the stamps

C．a mistake is made in the ,printing

D．both A and C

How can a single stamp be worth $ 16 800?

Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its original value. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony (殖民地) of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printer—Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps. Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius ' Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally marked the words " Post Office" instead of " Post Paid" on the several hundred stamps that he printed.

Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left—fourteen One-Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two-Penny Blues. Because of the Two-Penny Blue's rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $ 16800 for it.

Mauritius is the name of______.

A．an island kingdom

B．a British colony

C．a province of India

D．a London printer

Scientists studying the effect of large volcanic eruptions on global climate

have long focused on the major quantities of carbon dioxide (C02), a gas known

to contribute to the greenhouse effect, produced by these eruptions. It is well

Line observed that such greenhouse gases trap heat radiated from the surface of the

(5) earth, thereby forming a type of insulation around the planet. The greenhouse

effect is essential for ecological equipoise because it maintains the temperature

of the planet within habitable parameters, but there is growing concern that

man-made production of gases such as CO~ from the burning of fossil fuels may

be threatening the system's tolerance, and have resulted in excessive warming

(10) on a global scale.

While volcanic eruptions indubitably metabolize and accumulate C02 in the

atmosphere, it has been recently discovered that their impact is virtually trivial

compared to the quantity produced by human activities, especially heavy

industry. In reality, the more substantive climatic effect from volcanoes results

(15) from the production of atmospheric haze, whereby large eruption columns inject

ash particles and sulfur-rich gases into the troposphere and stratosphere, clouds

that circumscribe the globe within weeks of the volcanic activity. Ash and

aerosol clouds from large volcanic eruptions disseminate quickly through the

atmosphere, and the small ash particles decrease the amount of sunlight

(20) reaching the surface of the earth and lower average global temperatures, while

the sulfurous gases combine with water in the atmosphere to form. acidic

aerosols that also absorb incoming solar radiation and scatter it back out into

space.

There is evidence that volcanoes' stratospheric ash clouds has a lesser

(25) effect on global temperatures than aerosol clouds, given that the major Mt. St.

Helens eruption had lowered global temperatures by about 0.1 degree C, while

two years later the much smaller eruption of El Chico had, by contrast, three to

five times the global cooling effect worldwide. Despite its smaller ash cloud, El

Chico emitted more than 40 times the volume of sulfur-rich gases produced by

(30) Mt. St. Helens, revealing that the formation of atmospheric sulfur aerosols has

a more substantial effect on global temperatures than simply the volume of ash

produced during an eruption. Sulfate aerosols appear to necessitate several

years to settle out of the atmosphere, one of the reasons their effects are so

widespread and enduring. This corroborates the opinion of those scientists who

(35) argue that without the cooling effect of major volcanic eruptions such as E1

Chico, global warming effects caused by human activities would be far more

substantial. It should be noted that major volcanic eruptions have additional

climatic effects beyond global temperature decreases and acid rain, for ash and

aerosol particles suspended in the atmosphere scatter light of red wavelengths,

(40) often resulting in brilliantly colored sunsets and sunrises around the world.

According to the passage, scientists have decided that sulfur aerosols from volcanic eruptions affect global temperatures to a greate

A．the greenhouse gas effect produced by human activities tends to have a much greater environmental effect than that of volcanic explosions

B．clouds of sulfur-rich gases tend to achieve greater heights in the stratosphere than do ash clouds

C．a particular explosion producing high sulfur and little ash had a greater environmental effect than the converse

D．the burning of fossil fuels tends to exacerbate the effects of sulfurous aerosols, but not those of ash clouds

E．global warming effects tend to minimize the impact of ash clouds, but not those of sulfurous aerosols

Scientists studying the effect of large volcanic eruptions on global climate

have long focused on the major quantities of carbon dioxide (C02), a gas known

to contribute to the greenhouse effect, produced by these eruptions. It is well

observed that such greenhouse gases trap heat radiated from the surface of the

(5) earth, thereby forming a type of insulation around the planet. The greenhouse

effect is essential for ecological equipoise because it maintains the temperature

of the planet within habitable parameters, but there is growing concern that

man-made production of gases such as CO[,2] from the burning of fossil fuels may

be threatening the system's tolerance, and have resulted in excessive warming

(10) on a global scale.

While volcanic eruptions indubitably metabolize and accumulate C0[,2] in the

atmosphere, it has been recently discovered that their impact is virtually trivial

compared to the quantity produced by human activities, especially heavy

industry. In reality, the more substantive climatic effect from volcanoes results

(15) from the production of atmospheric haze, whereby large eruption columns inject

ash particles and sulfur-rich gases into the troposphere and stratosphere, clouds

that circumscribe the globe within weeks of the volcanic activity. Ash and

aerosol clouds from large volcanic eruptions disseminate quickly through the

atmosphere, and the small ash particles decrease the amount of sunlight

(20) reaching the surface of the earth and lower average global temperatures, while

the sulfurous gases combine with water in the atmosphere to form. acidic

aerosols that also absorb incoming solar radiation and scatter it back out into

space.

There is evidence that volcanoes' stratospheric ash clouds has a lesser

(25) effect on global temperatures than aerosol clouds, given that the major Mt. St.

Helens eruption had lowered global temperatures by about 0.1 degree C, while

two years later the much smaller eruption of El Chico had, by contrast, three to

five times the global cooling effect worldwide. Despite its smaller ash cloud, El

Chico emitted more than 40 times the volume of sulfur-rich gases produced by

(30) Mt. St. Helens, revealing that the formation of atmospheric sulfur aerosols has

a more substantial effect on global temperatures than simply the volume of ash

produced during an eruption. Sulfate aerosols appear to necessitate several

years to settle out of the atmosphere, one of the reasons their effects are so I

widespread and enduring. This corroborates the opinion of those scientists who

(35) argue that without the cooling effect of major volcanic eruptions such as El

Chico, global warming effects caused by human activities would be far more

substantial. It should be noted that major volcanic eruptions have additional

climatic effects beyond global temperature decreases and acid rain, for ash and

aerosol particles suspended in the atmosphere scatter light of red wavelengths,

(40) often resulting in brilliantly colored sunsets and sunrises around the world.

According to the passage, scientists have decided that sulfur aerosols from volcanic eruptions affect global temperatures to a greater extent than ash clouds because

A．the greenhouse gas effect produced by human activities tends to have a much greater environmental effect than that of volcanic explosions

B．clouds of sulfur-rich gases tend to achieve greater heights in the stratosphere than do ash clouds

C．a particular explosion producing high sulfur and little ash had a greater environmental effect than the converse

D．the burning of fossil fuels tends to exacerbate the effects of sulfurous aerosols, but not those of ash clouds

E．global warming effects tend to minimize the impact of ash clouds, but not those of sulfurous aerosols

How can a single postage stamp be worth $16 800? Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its original value. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony Mauritius , a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printer – Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps. Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius ’ Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instructed to copy

1、A postage stamp’s value to collectors is raised if ( ).

A、there are few others like it

B、 there are no errors on the stamps

C、 a mistake is made in the printing

D、 both A and C

2、The mistake in the locally printed postage stamps was in the ( ).

A、price

B、wording

C、color

D、spelling of postage

3、$16 800 is the collector’s value of ( ).

A、the One Penny Orange – Red

B、 a correctly printed 1847 stamp

C、 the Twopenny Blue

D、 both A and C

4、Which one is implied but not stated?

A、All correctly printed stamps are worthless.

B、Mauritians needed the stamps to send out invitations to a ball.

C、The printer was punished for his mistake.

D、Collectors are constantly looking for stamps with mistakes.

5、The best title for this section is ( )

A、The “Post Paid” Error

B、The Twopenny Blue

C、A London Printer’s Error

D、How Mauritius Became Famous

He is a man obsessed by himself. Not the slightest interest would he have unless it is a matter or people concerning him. To him, his existence is not just an evidence of human excellence, but the proof of the only living spirit in this world. As a self proclaimed mastermind of drama, philosophy and music, he talks as if he was a very incarnation of Shakespeare, Plato and Beethoven at the same time. You can't miss it when he talks, for he would express himself tirelessly by any chance he could get. A night spent with him is a night for monologue. He is equally brilliant and boring, for his arguments, no matter tactfully sharp or excessively dull, would subsequently relate to one theme: himself, his thoughts and actions.