在建立运动方程时，以下哪个不是假设条件？ Which of the following is not an assumption in establishing the equations of motion？

根据以下材料，回答题。

Scotland:A Land of Wisdom

In the 1740s ，the famous French philosopher Voltaire said "We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization. "That"s not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education.

According to the American author Arthur Herman， the Scots invented the modern world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends——everything from the. scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals， but to those people in business， government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.

It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment（启蒙运动），which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800. Before that， philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment， the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.

Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume， humanity was the fight subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior. and so find real evidence of how peopie think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved for universal benefit.

Hume"s enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method——the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh， Adam Smith，famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade， he argued， was a form. of information. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets， we all come to benefit each other.

Smith"s idea has dominated modern views of economics. It also has wide applications. He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich， free and powerful through peace， trade and invention.

Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago， the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin （ 构成....的基础） our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation（方向）。

Scotland is the right place to receive a first-class education. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don’t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.

The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illumination piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.

But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

第11题：According to the author, really good science ________.

A) would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment

B) will produce results which cannot be foreseen

C) will help people to make the right choice in advance

D) will bring about disturbing results

Scotland: A Land of Wisdom

In the 1740s, the famous French philosopher Voltaire said “We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization.” That's not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education.

According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modern world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends-everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.

It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment(启蒙运动),which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800.Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.

Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior. and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit.

Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method-the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form. of information. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other.

Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics. It also has wide applications. He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful through peace, trade and invention.

Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago, the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin(构成…的基础)our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation(方向).

Scotland is the right place to receive a first-class education.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

Scotland: A Land of Wisdom

In the 1740s, the famous French philosopher Voltaire said “We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization. ”That's not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education.

According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modern world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends-everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.

It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment(启蒙运动), which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800. Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.

Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior. and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit.

Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method-the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form. of information. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other.

Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics. It also has wide applications. He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful through peace, trade and invention.

Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago, the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin(构成…的基础)our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation(方向).

Scotland is the right place to receive a first-class education.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned