Since the US is nation of many ethnic groups, it is also known as“melting-pot",“salad bowl”, “pizza” or “kaleidoscope”. America has a very diverse population.

听力原文： The United States has long been known as a melting pot because so many people from all over the world make up its population. The first immigrants in American history came from Eng- land and the Netherlands. Immigrants from many other countries then began arriving and are still coming. The greatest numbers came in the years 1880 to 1914. Between 1820 and 1973, the United States admitted over 46 million immigrants. Most came from Europe, but many also came from Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia and Canada.

What is the reason for calling the U. S. a"melting pot"?

A．Its population consists of people of various nationalities.

B．The people tend to gather in racial groups.

C．It has always kept its door open to immigrants.

D．People all over the world have been to the country.

Since 1066 the blood of many other races has been added to the original English mixture. Not only have Welsh, Scots and Irishmen made their homes in England, but also Jews, Russians, Germans—people from almost every country in Europe—as well as many West Indians, Indians: and others from the Commonwealth (英联邦).

As the English are such a mixed people, local customs and accents in England vary a great deal and local pride. is still strong in some parts of the country. Both Leonard Townsend and Herbert Perkins al- ways think of themselves as Northerners, although they have moved to the south. Leonard is as proud of being a Yorkshire man as Iran Macdonald is of being a Scot (苏格兰人).

The closer one gets to London, the less one notices such differences, for London is a melting-pot. People from all over Britain and from all over the world pour into the giant city. London tends to ' melt down' and smooth out strong accents and local customs. Every year the influence of London spreads fur-her and further into the country, north, south, east and west, but particularly into the south and south- east. In an effort to stop London from spreading any more, new overspill towns are being built forty to filly miles outside London. London from are encouraged to move to a new town, or at least to open new branches there instead of in another part of London. This policy is now beginning to have results. Until recently the greater London region had a population of twelve million, but this figure is starting to drop.

Which of the following is NOT the meaning of the sentence "Since 1066 the blood ... "in Para. 1?

A．People from other countries have settled down in England.

B．Many foreigners have died and been buried in England.

C．Foreign people have immigrated into England.

D．People from other countries have become Englishmen.

Is the United States a melting pot? In other words, have immigrants to the USA merged with the native Americans and (1)_____ to be Germans, Japanese, Poles, Irish, etc? It has been (2)_____ a "pot of stew" might be a more suitable word than "melting pot", (3)_____ in a stew the meat and vegetables keep their own characteristics, but (4)_____ to the spices and the (5)_____ it is cooked, the stew has a distinctive flavor of its own. The implications of "melting pot" (6)_____ American social workers and language teachers, many of (7)_____ feel that racial and national groups should be encouraged to (8)_____ their customs, traditions and languages. At the same time it is agreed that all Americans, (9)_____ their origins, must learn to speak English clearly and fluently, and they must learn to (10)_____ themselves to the American way of life.

However, there are ethnic groups who still (11)_____ together, who speak their own languages and have preserved many of their old customs. There are Hispanic (12)_____, e.g. Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, most of whom still speak Spanish as their (13)_____ language. There are the American Indians and (14)_____ Asian groups, all of whom speak their own languages. Then there are the 20 million blacks, who, (15)_____ they speak English, for the most part live separately. Many blacks are beginning to (16)_____ their roots right back to the African tribes (17)_____ which their ancestors were torn in the days of slavery and some of them are (18)_____ themselves more and more with Africa. Some black leaders (19)_____, reminding them that their culture and their language are not African. They are American. But many blacks are (20)_____ bitter against white culture to feel American.

A．ceased

B．stopped

C．paused

D．halted

Allusion is applied in ________.

A、It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the influence of vanity throughout the range of human life, from the child of three to the potentate at whose frown the world trembles.

B、It was there, ironically enough, that the Odyssey turned homeward.

C、I bear the same mark as a son of Watts now that I did during that oratorical contest in high school.

D、But when he took to agriculture, …and to dream of the life hereafter in which he would perpetually hunt the wild boar of Valhalla.

The ( )featured archetectural styles of minority ethnic groups such as Mongolia and Tibetan.

A. Potala Palace

B. Mogao Grottoes

C. Chengde Summer Resort

D. the Outer Eight Temples

Some people describe American society as a salad bowl while others see it as a melting pot. In a sense, both are correct depending upon one's point of view. In a bowl of freshly tossed salad, all the ingredients are mixed together. Yet they never lose their shape, form. or identity. Together, however, the ingredients make up a unity. In a sense, all the ingredients of a salad contribute to the finished product. They may be covered with the same dressing, but the green vegetables, tomatoes, lettuce and eggs can all be seen for what they are.

From this point of view, America is very much like a salad bowl where individual ethnic groups blend together, yet maintain their cultural uniqueness. They may work together during the day at similar jobs and in identical companies, but at night they may return to their ethnic communities where the flavor of their individual culture dominates their way of life. This is why perhaps there is so much diversity within America. Each ethnic group has its own special interests, language, food, customs and traditions to protect and defend. This idea of the salad bowl is referred to by sociologists as cultural pluralism. It simply means that American society is a collection of many cultures living side by side within one country.

The other concept which is also used to describe American society is that of the melting pot. In this usage, society is like a pot of stew (炖菜) or a cauldron (大锅) of porridge. All of the ingredients mix and blend together losing their identity and yield a bit of what they were to become a new reality. A pot of stew is very different from a bowl of salad. Within the stew, the meat and vegetables in the cooking process give to each other a bit of their own flavor. The longer the stew is allowed to simmer (炖), the better the taste and the more likely it will be for the mixture to dissolve.

In this sense, America can surely be seen as a melting pot where people from all over the world come to live and work together forming one nation. Whether a salad bowl or a melting pot, America can best be described as a mixture of both; that is to say, a nation where there is unity in diversity.

Why does someone see America as a salad bowl?

A．The Americans work together during the day and night.

B．Each ethnic group has its unique culture.

C．There is no culture diversity in America.

D．America society is a unity with one culture.

Since ancient times it has been known that your word is a cause set in motion. In fact, the universe itself is claimed to have emanated from a single primordial sound. In the science of yoga, it is believed that certain Sanskrit words, known as mantras, can bring about magical results, thus you can secure abundance with a certain mantra, peace with another, and so on.

On a more practical level, your word still remains highly potent.

With your words, you can wound someone, sending them into spirals of defeat, and with your words you can heal someone, raising them up from a dismal place to soaring hope and motivation. In fact, the entire field of self-improvement is the transmission of words that will assist others to get a firm perspective and move forward with their lives, fulfilling their dreams and desires.

On a personal level, too, your words affect you. What you say to yourself about anyone or anything affects you, too. If you speak well of someone or something, you bring more of that harmony into your life. And if you speak ill of someone or something, you bring more of that frustration and anger and conflict into your life.

Psychological literature often speaks of numerous cases where a parent's words, spoken casually, can affect the destiny of a child. And the most potent words that a parent can use to affect a child are those spoken at-the time of dying since these are the last words, and the moment is so highly-charged and the awareness so acute, these words become an imperative that the child now feels obligated to never disown.

Words are further charged with the emotion behind them. The stronger the emotion, the more highly charged the words. Many a love affair has fallen by the wayside because of emotionally charged words, which are later regretted.

Despite all this, people use words with the utmost casualness. People wreck their own lives and that of others through the careless use of words. They also accept the words of others as a given truth, when, in fact, all comments by others are merely opinion.

Words are causes set in motion. They are reality-creators.

The most marvelous aspect of words is how they can bend time. The brilliantly crafted words of Shakespeare or the eloquence of Martin Luther King still shape our lives. Words are so sacred that whole buildings are used to archive them and make them available for reading.

A person can rise from poverty to wealth, from sickness to health, and from loneliness to loving companionship simply through exposing themselves to the most beneficial stream of words.

Words not only steal hearts, but shape reality as well. The earth can be a better place because of your choice of words. You can fill lives with the miracles of your words. You can be an agent for positive change and bring out the best in yourself and others simply by how you use words. Words are psychic shape-shifters, use them wisely.

By saying "your word is a cause set in motion", the author means ______.

A．words are changeable from time to time

B．words can have great influence on other things

C．the same word can have different meanings for different people

D．words can lead to magic results