The first step in the decision-making process is to obtain information.

The first step in the process of error analysis is the identification and description of errors.()

A、Ignore criticism concerning the decision-making.

B、You may have to start the whole decision process over.

C、Restart the decision-making process if the decision is less than 50% effective.

D、Keep track of problems with the chosen alternative, but only change those issues that upper management demand.

A、analyze the organization's strengths and weaknesses

B、identify the organization's mission

C、identify strategies to reach the organization's goals

D、analyze the opportunities the organization has

A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The __11___for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is __12__ in the way of accomplishing them.

Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does__ 13__ decisions. Indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. _ 14_ managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they_ 15_ possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to _ 16__. But since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are__ 17 __; at other times they are serious.

People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. _18_ from a systems point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intended and unintended consequences. An organization is an ongoing entity, and a decision made today may have consequences far _ 19_ the future. Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of_ 20_ decisions.

11、

A. aim

B. effort

C. example

D. reason

12、

A. preceding

B. turning

C. spoiling

D. standing

13、

A. changes

B. achieves

C. involves

D. makes

14、

A. Since

B. Although

C. Unless

D. Until

15、

A. must consider

B. will consider

C. considered

D. consider

16、

A. chance

B. future

C. reality

D. action

17、

A. obvious

B. desirable

C. slight

D. natural

18、

A. Still

B. Then

C. But

D. Hence

19、

A. over

B. into

C. beyond

D. above

20、

A. current

B. common

C. conservative

D. casual

Why is there a slow pace of technological change in American firms?

A．New equipment is more expensive in America

B．American firms don't pay enough attention to on-the-job training of their workers.

C．He decision making process in American firms makes them less responsive to technological changes.

D．The professional staff of American firms are less paid and so less creative.

Why is there a slow pace of technological change in American firms?

A．New equipment is more expensive in America.

B．American firms don't pay enough attention to on-the-job training of their workers.

C．He decision making process in American firms makes them less responsive to technological changes.

D．The professional staff of American firms are less paid and so less creative.

A．Those who will be affected by the decision participate in the decision-making process.

B．The participants have the welfare of the whole group in mind when making their decision, rather than just the majority.

C．All participants in the decision-making process are given equal input into the process. Through equal input, participants have the opportunity to suggest or block ideas/ proposals.

D．Compromise is a common technique used in consensus decision-making, as it emphasises common agreement over differences.

E．Everybody agrees with the final decision.

The first stage in the new product development process is Idea Generation. In this stage a company is basically involved in the systematic search for new product ideas within the company.()

此题为判断题(对，错)。