In the analogy given in the lecture, tools refer to ______

An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems． It serves as an outline for detailed design， construction， and implementation． Given the models and details， include（ ）， we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture． The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards， project objectives， and （ ）． The first physical DFD to be drawn is the（ ）． The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors． Data（ ） are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support． There are many distribution options used in data distribution． In the case of （ ）we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server．

A.logical DFDs and ERDB.ideal object model and analysis class modelC.use case models and interface prototypesD.physical DFDs and database schemaA.the database management systemB.the feasibility of techniques usedC.the network topology and technologyD.the user interface and process methodsA.context DFDB.system DFDC.network architecture DFDD.event-response DFDA.vertical partitioning and horizontal replicationB.vertical replication and horizontal partitioningC.integration and distributionD.partitioning and replicationA.storing all data on a single serverB.storing specific tables on different serversC.storing subsets of specific tables on different serversD.duplicating specific tables or subsets on different servers

What advice is given about the communication tools made available by technology?

A.Aim to limit staff use of certain communication tools.

B.Evaluate them in terms of the expenditure involved.

C.Select them on the basis of the facilities they offer.

D.Encourage more staff to attend training courses in their use.

What advice is given about the communication tools made available by technology?

A．Aim to limit staff use of certain communication tools.

B．Evaluate them in terms of the expenditure involved.

C．Select them on the basis of the facilities they offer.

D．Encourage more staff to attend training courses in their use.

YourcompanyhasaserverthatrunsWindowsServer2008R2.ActiveDirectoryCertificateServices（ADCS）isconfiguredasastandaloneCertificationAuthority（CA）ontheserver.YouneedtoauditchangestotheCAconfigurationsettingsandtheCAsecuritysettings.Whichtwotasksshouldyouperform（）

A.ConfigureauditingintheCertificationAuthoritysnap-in.

B.Enableauditingofsuccessfulandfailedattemptstochangepermissionsonfilesinthe%SYSTEM32%\CertSrvdirectory.

C.Enableauditingofsuccessfulandfailedattemptstowritetofilesinthe%SYSTEM32%\CertLog directory.

D.EnabletheAuditobjectaccesssettingintheLocalSecurityPolicyfortheActiveDirectoryCertificateServices（ADCS）server.

While most recent attention in the AI field has been focused on expert system software, AI(66)has also seen dramatic advances. Activity in the past years was characterized by new low-cost, powerful Lisp machines, the introduction of AI workstations, Lisp compilers becoming available for all major professional and engineering workstations, and the personal computer emerging as a(67). tool for expert system development. The next few years will see this technology evolves further.Because the(68)of an AI computer represents a sizable investment, companies should carefully(69)all options that are available as well as have a good idea of what the next generation of systems will offer in order to(70)the optimum system. This publication provides the information necessary to gain this understanding.

A．choice

B．read

C．important

D．software

E．hardware

SECTION B PASSAGES

Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： During this century, archaeologists have discovered that trees can be a valuable tool for measuring time. In scientific terms, this method is called dendrochronology. Dendrochronology is based on the scientific discovery that each year a tree grows a new layer of wood. When you cut down a tree, for example, you can see and count the layers of concentric circles. These circles will reveal a great deal of information. The layers vary in color and in thickness. These variations are a result of differing climate conditions from year to year that affect the growth of the annual tings. Cold weather, for example, creates thinner and lighter tings while hot weather produces thicker and darker rings. All trees that grow in the same region will have roughly the same pattern of annual rings, and this can be used as a source of comparison and measurement.

Early in this century, archaeologists began using the rings to date ruined structures and figures built in the southwestern United States. They did this by comparing the rings of the wood found in the ruins with the rings of recently cut trees. Slowly but surely, the system was extended backwards in time to measure older ruins. The heavy forestry of the United States, coupled with the relative youth of its history, led to a fairly uncomplicated study. Eventually, dendrochronology produced an accurate time and weather record for the American southwest that extended over 2000 years.

What happens to trees each year?

A．Their tings get thinner and thinner.

B．They add a ring of wood.

C．Their rings get darker in color.

D．They become more valuable.

The long, wet summer here in the northeastern U. S. notwithstanding, theres a world shortage of pure, fresh water. As demand for water hits the limits of finite supply, potential conflicts are brewing between nations that share transboundary freshwater reserves. Many people ask why we cannot simply take it from the sea, using our sophisticated technology of desalinization, but a good water supply must be hygienically safe and pleasant tasting and water containing salt would corrode machinery used in manufacturing in addition to producing chemical impurities. Since more than 95% of our water sits in the salty seas, man is left to face the reality that most water on the surface of the earth is not available for us. One very feasible way of sustaining our supply of freshwater is to protect the ecology of our mountains. Mountains and water go together, a fact to which Secretary General Kofi Annan has drawn attention more than once. From 30 to 60% of downstream fresh water in humid areas and up to 95% in arid and semi-arid environments are supplied by mountains. Without interference nature has its own way of purifying water—even though chlorination and filtration are still necessary as a precaution. In a mountainous area, aeration , due to turbulent flow and waterfalls, causes an exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the water. Agriculture, industry, hydroelectric generators and homes that need water to drink and for domestic use depend on these resources and, thus, we must protect mountainous areas as a means of survival.

The author of this text states that______.

A．the problem of obtaining good drinking water has plagued man throughout time

B．palatability is synonymous with purity of water

C．most of the world"s water is unusable as a water supply

D．man no longer depends on desalinization for his water supply

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.

With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed wood lands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.

However, man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.

The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae (a very simple plant without stems or leaves that grows in or near water), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rives. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.

Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in Order to survive on earth.

(27)

A．Bettering his way of life.

B．Improving his surroundings.

C．Modifying the face of the planet.

D．Altering the physical features of the earth.

In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.

Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier", says senior analyst Blanc Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet.

Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists.

But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the fight mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security, will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.

We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business ______.

A．has been striving to expand its market

B．intended to follow a fanciful fashion

C．tried but in vain to control the market

D．has been booming for one year or so