In low-context American culture, the responsibility for meaning falls mainly to:

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Albert Schweitzer was born in 1875 in Alsace. At that time, it was a part of　Germany. His generous spirit was first awakened through his training as a Lutheran minister. Besides gaining a reputation as a preacher, he also became respected for his ability to play the organ. He was a man of many talents. His concern for other people turned his attention to medicine. He had also acquired doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. His wife took an interest in medicine too and became a nurse. Many people thought that he should remain and lecture　in Europe to have a strong impact on Western civilization. Though he listened to their suggestions, he ultimately decided to follow his own conscience. This led him to Africa. Albert had felt that all men should accept the responsibility of helping others. He felt particularly concerned for black Africans who had been exploited by white men. He earned the money he needed by performing on the organ and by lecturing. With this money he bought equipment and opened a hospital in Africa. He was a man of great strength who faced great problems with courage. The threat of war, the reality of imprisonment during World War, one as a German citizen, and the unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all. He believed that man could overcome these obstacles if he had a sense of idealism. He died in 1965. 

31.Albert Schweitzer was ____. 

A) a pianist            C) a humanitarian 

B) an African            D) a nurse 

32.He had talents for ____.

A) training his wife to be a nurse, giving concert and lecturing 

B) giving medical care, lecturing, playing the organ

C) taking care of sick people, fighting as a soldier, lecturing 

D) giving concert, making equipment, helping others

33.In spite of people’s suggestions, Albert decided to go to Africa ____.

A) because he was born there

B) because he wanted to help others particularly black Africans who had been exploited by white men

C) because he wanted to give a concert to African people 

D) because he wanted to make money there

34.Why did the author think he was a man of great strength? 

A) He always faced great problems with courage.

B) The threat of war and the reality of imprisonment during World War didn’t discourage him.

C) The unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all.

D) All of the above.

35.Albert Schweitzer lived to be ____.

A) 70 years old     B) 80 years old

C) 90 years old       D) 100 years old

Climate change is the greatest challenge facing humanity: drastic reduction of carbon emissions is vital if we are to avoid a catastrophe that devastates large parts of the world. Governments and businesses have been slow to act and individuals now need to take the lead. The Earth can absorb no more than 3 tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year for every person on the planet if we are to keep temperature and rainfall change within tolerable limits. Yet from cars and holiday flights to household appliances and the food on our plates, Western consumer lifestyles leave each of us responsible for over 12 tones of carbon dioxide a year—four times what the Earth can handle. Individual action is essential if we want to avoid climate chaos. How to Live a Low-Carbon Life shows how easy it is to take responsibility, providing the first comprehensive, one-stop reference guide to calculating your CO2 emissions and reducing them to a sustainable 3 tons a year.

完形填空Music is part of every culture on Earth. Many people feel that music makes life worth___1___. We can make music ourselves if we play an instrument or sing. We can hear music on CDs and on radio or television. Music gives us pleasure. It can cheer us up, excite us, or___2__us. Music can be happy, sad, romantic, sleepy-all kinds of things. But what is it? Some people define it___3___an artful arrangement of sounds across time. Our ears___4___these sounds as loud or soft, high or low, rapid and short. The sounds need to continue for a time in some sort of pattern to become music. Music,___5___language, is a uniquely human form. of communication. As with language, there are many different kinds. In North America, people listen to jazz, rock, classical, folk, country, and many other kinds of music. Each kind of music has its own rules and "speaks" to us___6___its own way. What we think of music depends on___7___we live. What Americans are used to listening to might sound___8___to someone from another culture, and vice versa. It might not even sound like music. In Indonesia, gamelan orchestras play music on gongs, drums, and xylophones. These aren't the instruments you'd find in a___9___orchestra in North America. Today, modern communications make it___10___for us to listen to music from all over the world. Music from one part of the world influences music from another part. For example, gamelan music from Indonesia influenced 20th-century American composers such as John Cage.

1)

A、to live

B、live

C、living

D、lived

2)

A、soothe

B、plump

C、plunge

D、send

3)

A、to

B、as

C、with

D、at

4)

A、interfere

B、intervene

C、interface

D、interpret

5)

A、like

B、dislike

C、love

D、unlike

6)

A、at

B、to

C、in

D、on

7)

A、when

B、where

C、what

D、which

8)

A、strange

B、familiar

C、good

D、comfortable

9)

A、physical

B、chemical

C、economical

D、typical

10)

A、unlikely

B、like

C、possible

D、impossible

If we are to help students develop reading skills in a foreign language, it is important to understand what is involved in the reading process itself. If we have a clear idea of how "good readers" read, either in their own or a foreign language, this will enable us to decide whether particular reading techniques are likely to help learners or not.

In considering the reading process, it is important to distinguish between two quite separate activities: reading for meaning (or "silent reading") and reading aloud. Reading for meaning is the activity we normally eng0ge in when we read books, newspapers, road signs, etc.; it is what you are doing as you read this text. It involves looking at sentences and understanding the message they convey, in other words "making sense" of a written text. It doesn't normally involve saying the words we read, not even silently inside our heads; there are important reasons for this, which are outlined below.

Reading aloud is a completely different activity; its purpose is not just to understand a text but to convey the information to someone else. It is not an activity we engage in very often outside the class-room; common examples are reading out parts of a newspaper article to a friend, or reading a notice to other people who can't see it. Obviously, reading aloud involves looking at a text, understanding it and also saying it. Because our attention is divided between reading and speaking, it is a much more difficult activity than reading silently; we often stumble and make mistakes when reading aloud in our own language, and reading aloud in a foreign language is even more difficult.

When we read for meaning, we do not need to read every letter or every word, nor even every word in each sentence. This is because, provided the text makes sense, we can guess much of what it says as we read it.

The purpose of the author is to ______.

A．introduce reading skills

B．explain reading processes

C．decide whether particular reading skills are likely to help learners

D．emphasize silent reading

听力原文： W: Hello. It's been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures in south-east England reached twenty-six degrees Centigrade by mid-afternoon ,and Brighton had fifteen hours of lovely sunshine. But already the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach southwest England and the southern coast of Wales by early morning. The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than fifteen degrees in the south, a little cooler? eleven degrees or so? in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly, to leave a mild, dry night there too. And now, the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe will once again get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of thirty-four degrees along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end of the Meal, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to thirty-two degrees Centigrade in Greece and south-east Italy, but further north the weather's not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain and maximum temperatures will be around twenty-two degrees? very disappointing for this time of the year. Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool seventeen degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out temperatures could rise to a maximum of twenty-three degrees.

What will the minimum temperature be in the south during the night?

A．Ten degrees.

B．Fifteen degrees.

C．Twenty degrees.

D．Twenty-five degrees.

Americans had always been preoccupied with reforming their society, with "making it over," and between the 1890s and the end of the First World War, the reform. spirit intensified. More and more people tried to address the problem of their time directly, to impose order on a confusing world, and, especially, to create a conflict-free society. Their efforts, inspired by a complicated mixture of calculated self-interest and unselfish benevolence, helped what can be called the Progressive era. The urge for reform. had many sources. Industrialization had brought unprecedented productivity, awesome technology, and plenty of consumer goods. But it had also included labor struggle, waste of natural resources, and abuse of corporate power. Rapidly growing cities facilitated the accumulation and distribution of goods, services, and cultural amenities but also magnified problems of poverty, disease, crime, and political corruption. Massive inflows of immigrants and the rise of a new class of managers and professionals shook the foundations of old social classes. And the depression that crippled the nation in the 1890s made many leading citizens realize what working people had known for some time: the central promise of American life was not being kept; equality of opportunity-whether economic, political, or social--was a myth.

Progressives tried to resolve these problems by organizing ideas and actions around three basic themes. First, they sought to end abuses of power. Second, progressives aimed to replace corrupt power with the power of reformed institutions such as schools, charities, medical clinics, and the family. Third, progressives wanted to apply principles of science and efficiency on a nationwide scale to all economic, social, and political institutions, to minimize social and economic disorder and to establish cooperation, especially, between business and government, that would end wasteful competition and labor conflict.

Befitting their name, progressives had strong faith in the ability of humankind to create a better world. More than ever before, Americans looked to government as an agent of the people that could and should intervene in social and economic relations to protect the common good and substitute public interest for self-interest.

The passage is primarily concerned with ______.

A．the reasons for the Progressive Movement

B．the problems that American society faced between the 1890s and the end of World War I

C．the causes and contents of the Progressive reform

D．the belief that Americans possessed in their society