Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfini

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

Learners of a new language often find themselves in ambiguous(有歧义的) situations. These situations are characterized by complexity, novelty(新颖), unexpectedness, or a lack of clear-cut(清晰的) solutions. Such ambiguity arises when a person does not understand a sentence, paragraph, or conversation because it contains unfamiliar words or structures. Persons who dislike uncertainty tend to become confused and frustrated, perhaps withdrawing from the situation. They may give up or, in the most extreme cases, even go so far as to avoid further contact with the language. They prefer safe situations in which everything has been practiced, and explained.

However, such behavior. is not constructive because language students must learn to cope with uncertainty. Uncertainty is an inescapable part of communication. When someone speaks, he may occasionally feel unsure about his ability to get his message across. Even in the case of native speakers, there may be a lack of common background information, for example. In the case of second-language- learners, they may worry that grammatical or pronunciation errors will impede(妨碍) communication or even make it impossible. Thus, the person who dislikes ambiguity may prefer to remain silent if he is not sure he can produce a perfect word.

In fact, this behavior. has been shown to impede true language learning. Since the main goal is to communicate, one should simply concentrate on producing a normal flow of speech, instead of being obviously concerned with individual items. A spoken message, at the time it is needed, no matter how imperfect, is worth many unspoken messages, no matter how perfect. It is better to say something promptly rather than say nothing at all or to take so long to compose the words that the listener's patience is exhausted and interest in further communication is destroyed. Therefore, the successful language learner must deal with ambiguity and include the presence of a certain degree of uncertainty in his communicative strategies.

According to the passage, who would be successful in acquiring a second language？

A．One who carefully constructs his sentences.

B．One who accepts the inevitability of uncertainty.

C．One who speaks without thinking.

D．One who doesn't worry about individual items.