Marketing creates task utility, but not time or place utility

Directions:This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.

Dear

Sir/Madam,

I am pleased to write a letter of recommendation on behalf of Sand River and its CEO, Mrs. Jane King. I am very familiar with the company. My next book deals with it in detail, while is to be published in autumn of 2018. I am also familiar with European consumer. As a Dutch citizen, I have lived in Europe for 46 years and studied European consumer behavior. for decades.

I believe that Sand River offers something unique to the European market. It has established long-term supply relations with herdsman(农民) families and owns advanced German machinery. Thus it combines natural resources with modern manufacturing techniques. But equally important, Sand River works with modern fashion designers to create truly contemporary and appealing designs. The result is a newly-established cashmere(羊绒) brand that appeals to a target group of high-income women.

I met Mrs. King the first time in 2013. Since then, we have met several times and talked about Sand River’s philosophy, strategy, and appeal to both Chinese and international consumers. I was struck by her deep knowledge about knitting(针织) technology, her enthusiasm for the brand, and her deep understanding of the cashmere shopper. I regard her as a “women of her word.”

To summarize, I believe Sand River products deserve a place in luxurious European department stores and Mrs. King is a reliable partner.

If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Sincerely,

Joan Smith

41.Joan Smith wrote the recommendation letter on behalf of .

A.a Dutch citizen

B.herdsman families

C.the European consumer

D.Sand River and its CEO

43.The target consumers of the newly-established cashmere brand are .

A.college students

B.blue-color workers

C.high-income women

D.average herdsman families

44.By saying “a women of her word” (Para. 3), the writer means that Mrs. King .

A.always keeps her promise

B.is a good public speaker

C.knows customers well

D.is well educated

45.As far as the European market is concerned, the writer thinks that Sand River products .

A.are fit for supermarkets in big cities

B.are likely to enjoy a big market share

C.will appeal to different kinds of customers

D.deserve a place in luxurious department stores

42.Form. the letter we can learn that Sand River .

A.has long-term links with herdsmen

B.employs many herdsman workers

C.manufactures advanced machines

D.sells hand-made products

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Walking down any of Shanghai's main shopping streets this week, newcomers might think the locals have been celebrating Christmas for centuries. Christmas may not be a customary holiday in China, but businessmen in Shanghai know it will bring something more valuable than tradition: people willing to spend money. Most Chinese may feel little connection with the Christmas celebration, but with most shops offering discounts(折扣), the message couldn't be clearer—it is the season to part with one's hard-earned cash.

Much of that marketing drive is directed towards the thousand of foreigners and foreign companies that call Shanghai home. But for Shanghai's 13 million locals, regardless of personal interest, there seems no avoiding the season's commercial(商业的) greetings. Along some major roads, nearly every shop window displays some symbols to the holiday: a man-made fir tree(杉树) with lights, or a snowman.

With an increasing number of Westerners arriving in the city for work, young Shanghainese, eager to keep pace with the latest Western fashions, have begun to show their interest in Christmas. But some people still don't think Christmas is an important festival in China. At least it is less important than the New Year and China's Spring Festival.

In the first sentence, the word "newcomers" (Line 1, Para. 1) probably means ______.

A．people who are very young

B．people from other countries

C．local peoples

D．Shanghainese

A.He will drop his course in marketing.

B.The woman has not told the truth.

C.The notice may not be reliable.

D.The course is open to all next semester.

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

There are stock markets in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Pads, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock market, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares of a factory or a company. And each share means certain owner ship of a factory or a company.

Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more money than they have. Others are not rich, who buy stocks and try to become rich. Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money. Of course, investing money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or the company may do badly. Then the stocks will go down, and investors will lose money. The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons. Everyone wants the stock to go up, but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down.

No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling. All are anxious to make money by "gambling" in the stock market. Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are willing to "gamble".

According to the passage, if you have a share of a company or a factory, it means that you ______.

A．can buy the company or the factory

B．can sell the company or the factory

C．will become the owner of the company or the factory

D．are one of the owners of the company or the factory

Kermit the Frog once said, "It's not that easy bein' green." Although he wasn't referring to cars, his observation seems particularly appropriate for the auto industry today: Designing, developing and marketing "green" ears has not been an easy task, which is why gasoline powered vehicles still rule the road and fossil fuels still account for almost 75 percent of the world's energy consumption. As gasoline prices soar and concern over harmful emission mounts, however, cars that run on alternate fuel sources will become increasingly important. A natural-gas vehicle, or NGV, is the perfect example of such a car--it's fuel-efficient, environmentally friendly and offers a relatively low cost of ownership.

Natural Gas Basics

The word "gas" is a confusing term because it is used to describe many different substances that are similar but not exactly the same. For example, the "gas" you put in your car is gasoline, one component of crude oil, or petroleum. Petroleum is a dark, sticky liquid mixture of compounds formed underground by the decay of ancient marine animals.

Natural gas also comes from the decay of ancient organisms, but it naturally takes a gaseous form. instead of a liquid form. Natural gas commonly occurs in association with crude oil. It is derived from both land plants and aquatic (水生的) organic matter and forms above or below oil deposits. It is often dissolved in crude oil at the high pressures existing in a reservoir. There are also reservoirs of natural gas, known as non-associated gas, that contain only gas and no oil.

Natural gas consists primarily of methane (沼气) and other hydrocarbon gases. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen. The hydrocarbons in natural gas are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain hydrogen and carbon bound together by single bonds.

Like gasoline, natural gas is combustible (易燃的), which means it can be used in a combustion engine like gasoline. But cars that could burn natural gas didn't appear on the scene until the 1930s.

From Field to Ford

We extract natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs by drilling wells into the earth. A modern well, equipped with diamond-studded drill bits, can drill to depths approaching 25,000 feet.

Throughout the 19th century, the use of natural gas remained localized because there was no way to transport large quantities of gas over long distances. In 1890, the invention of a leak proof pipeline coupling made it possible to transport gas miles from the source. Improvements in pipeline technology continued over the next two decades until long-distance gas transmission became practical. From 1927 to 1931, laborers constructed more than 10 major natural gas transmission systems in the United States, making natural gas a viable energy source for many applications. The oil shortages of the late 1960s and early 1970s brought renewed interest in natural gas as a fuel source, especially for automobiles.

Today, owners of natural-gas vehicles can fill up their cars at one of 1, 300 fueling stations located in the United States. Honda also offers a personal natural gas pump to people who purchase its natural-gas-powered Civic. The pump uses a home's existing natural gas lines and can be installed for ＄500 to ＄1500.

Natural-gas Vehicle Design

Natural-gas vehicles use the same basic principles as gasoline-powered vehicles. In other words, the fuel (natural gas in this case) is mixed with air in the cylinder of a four-stroke engine and then ignited by a spark plug to move a piston (活塞) up and down. Although there are some differences between natural gas and gasoline in terms of flammability and ignition temperatures. NGVs themselves operate on the same fundamental concepts as gasoline-powered vehicles. Still, some modifications

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Kermit the Frog once said, "It's not that easy bein' green." Although he wasn't referring to cars, his observation seems particularly appropriate for the auto industry today: Designing, developing and marketing "green" cars has not been an easy task, which is why gasoline-powered vehicles still rule the mad and fossil fuels still account for almost 75 percent of the word's energy consumption. As gasoline soar and concern over harmful emission mounts, however, cars that run on alternate fuel sources will become increasingly important. A natural-gas vehicle, or NGV, is the perfect example of such a car -- it's fuel- efficient, environmentally friendly and offers a relatively low cost of ownership.

Natural Gas Basics

The word "gas" is a confusing term because it is used to 'describe many different substances that are similar but not exactly the same. For example, the "gas" you put in your car is gasoline, one component of crude oil, or petroleum. Petroleum is a dark, sticky liquid mixture of compounds formed underground by the decay of ancient marine animals.

Natural gas also comes from the decay of ancient organisms, but it naturally takes a gaseous form. instead of a liquid from. Natural gas commonly occurs in association with crude oil. It is derived from both land plants and aquatic(水生的)organic matter and forms above or below oil deposits. It is often dissolved in crude oil at the high pressures existing in a reservoir. There are also reservoirs of natural gas, known as non-associated gas, that contain only gas and no oil.

Natural gas consists primarily of methane (沼气)and other hydrocarbon gases. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen. The hydrocarbons in natural gas are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain' hydrogen and carbon bound together by single bonds.

Like gasoline, natural gas is combustible (易燃的), which means it can be used in a combustion engine like gasoline. But cars that could burn natural gas didn't appear on the scene until the 1930s.

From Field to Ford

We extract natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs by drilling wells into the earth. A modern well, equipped with diamond-studded drill bits, can drill to depths approaching 25,000 feet.

Throughout the 19th century, the use of natural gas remained localized because there was no way to transport large quantities of gas over long distances. In 1890, the invention of a leakproof pipeline coupling made it possible to transport gas miles from the source. Improvements in pipeline technology continued over the next two decades until long-distance gas transmission became practical. From 1927 to 1931, laborers constructed more than 10 major natural gas transmission systems in the United States, making natural gas a viable energy source for many applications. The oil shortages of the late 1960s and early 1970s brought renewed interest in natural gas as a fuel source, especially for automobiles.

Today, owners of natural-gas vehicles can fill up their cars at one of 1,300 fueling stations located in the United States. Honda also offers a personal natural gas pump to people who purchase its natural-gas- powered Civic. The pump uses a home's existing natural gas lines and can be installed for $ 500 to $ 1, 500.

Natural-gas Vehicle Design

Natural-gas vehicles use the same basic principles as gasoline-powered vehicles. In other words, the fuel ( natural gas in this case) is mixed with air in the cylinder of a four-storke engine and then ignited by a spark plug to move a piston(活塞) up and down. Although there are some differences between natural gas and gasoline in terms of flamability and ignition temperatures NGVs themselves operate on the same fundamental concepts as gasoline-powered vehicles.

Still, some modifications are required

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

The market is a concept. If you are growing vegetables in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market.

Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying vegetables, you will stop producing them.

If you take care of a baby to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.

When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in supermarkets, department stores, and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.

The market may seem to be something abstract. But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it's very real. If nobody buys your vegetables, it won't be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It's telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn't want you to do.

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Selling and Buying.

B．What Is the Market?

C．Everything You Do Is Producing for the Market.

D．What the Market Can Do for You?

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

The market is a concept. If you are growing vegetables in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market.

Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying vegetables, you will stop producing them.

If you take care of a baby to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.

When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in supermarkets, department stores, and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.

The market may seem to be something abstract. But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it's very real. If nobody buys your vegetables, it won't be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It's telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn't want you to do.

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Selling and Buying.

B．What Is the Market?

C．Everything You Do Is Producing for the Market.

D．What the Market Can Do for You?

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Welcome to our small business set-up guide, providing all the information you need to start your business on a healthy, solid basis.

From choosing the right name for your company and making your first business plan, through to up-to-date taxation (税务) advice, banking and insurance tips, each subject is discussed in the guide.

We also look at the vital characteristics you'll need to survive in business. Determination and originality (原创性) are key. Equally, so is the ability to organize your time and to put in the required effort during the early days.

As with any new business, success can never be guaranteed, but our aim is to reduce the difficulties involved in setting up a business on your own. We'll forewarn you of the most common problems, including failure to research your market in sufficient detail and not setting aside enough funds for thougher financial times.

Starting up even the smallest business can be challenging. But take comfort in the fact that you are not alone. In fact, of the four million businesses currently in operation in the UK, more than 99.3% are classified as "small," with fewer than 50 employees.

In order to keep this guide as brief as possible, where we've not had enough room to include every detail, you'll find a link taking you to the most relevant (相关的) articles.

Good luck with your business idea!

This guide is intended to help people to________.

A．cope with an economic crisis

B．start a new small business

C．raise funds for a new firm

D．build up public relations

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Welcome to our small business set-up guide, providing all the information you need to start your business on a healthy, solid basis.

From choosing the right name for your company and making your first business plan, through to up-to-date taxation (税务) advice, banking and insurance tips, each subject is discussed in the guide.

We also look at the vital characteristics you'll need to survive in business. Determination and originality (原创性) are key. Equally, so is the ability to organize your time and to put in the required effort during the early days.

As with any new business, success can never be guaranteed, but our aim is to reduce the difficulties involved in setting up a business on your own. We'll forewarn you of the most common problems, including failure to research your market in sufficient detail and not setting aside enough funds for thougher financial times.

Starting up even the smallest business can be challenging. But take comfort in the fact that you are not alone. In fact, of the four million businesses currently in operation in the UK, more than 99.3% are classified as "small," with fewer than 50 employees.

In order to keep this guide as brief as possible, where we've not had enough room to include every detail, you'll find a link taking you to the most relevant (相关的) articles.

Good luck with your business idea!

This guide is intended to help people to________.

A．cope with an economic crisis

B．start a new small business

C．raise funds for a new firm

D．build up public relations