Multiethnic Literature after WWII contains ________.

Nice people do racism too. Liberal commitment to a multi-ethnic Britain is wilting. Some very nice folk have apparently decided that the nation's real problem is too many immigrants of too many kinds. Faced with a daily onslaught against migrants it may be understandable to give in to populist bigotry; but it is not forgivable.

Take this, for example: "National citizenship is inherently exclusionary." So no foreigners need ever apply for naturalisation, then. And" ... public anxiety about migration ... is usually based on a rational understanding of the value of British citizenship and its~ incompatibility with over-porous borders". Straight from the lexicon of the far right. And best of all: "You can have a welfare state provided that you are a homogenous society with intensely shared values."

These are extracts from an article in the Observer, penned by the liberal intellectual Goodhart, who is just one of several liberal thinkers now vigorously making what they consider a progressive argument against immigration. It goes like this: the more diverse a society, the less likely its citizens are to share common values; the fewer common values, the weaker the support for vital institutions of social solidarity, such as the welfare state and the National Health Service.

There are perfectly good reasons to worry about how we respond to immigration, not least the downward pressure on workers' wages; the growth of racial inequality; and the exploitation of illegals. But the answer to these problems is not genteel xenophobia, but trade union rights, backed by equality and employment law.

The xenophobes should come clean. Their argument is not about immigration at all. They are liberal Powellites; what really bothers them is race and culture. If today's immigrants were white people from the old Commonwealth, Goodhart and his friends would say that they pose no threat because they share Anglo-Saxon values.

Unfortunately for liberal Powellites, the real history of the NHS shatters their fundamental case against diversity. The NHS is a world-beating example of the way that ethnic diversity can create social solidarity. Launched by a Welshman, built by Irish: labourers, founded on the skills of Caribbean nurses and Indian doctors, it is now being rescued by an emergency injection of Filipino nurses, refugee ancillaries and antipodean medics. And it remains 100% British.

Virtually all of our public services have depended heavily on immigrants. Powell was forced to admit as much when, as minister for health he advertised for staff in the Caribbean. His new admirers will discover that a rapidly depopulating Europe will have no choice but to embrace diversity.

For the moment, however, the liberal Powellites are gaining support in high places. Their ideas are inspired by the work of the American sociologist Putnam, a Downing Street favourite. He purports to show that dynamic, diverse communities are more fragmented than stable, monoethnic ones. But the policy wonks have forgotten that Putnam's research was conducted in a society so marked by segregation that even black millionaires still live in gated ghettoes.

The prime minister still seems uneasy on the issue. Last week, he wavered uncertainly between backing his pro-immigration home secretary, and a defensive response to Howard's goading that the government was in a mess on the topic.

Oddly enough, this is a place in the arena of world politics where the PM does not stand shoulder to shoulder with Bush. The Spanish-speaking former governor of Texas recently announced that he would "regularise" the status of millions of illegal Mexican immigrants who had slipped across the border to work. It's the kind of massive amnesty that would send the Daily Express into conniptions.

Even more peculiar, the prime minister appears to be ignoring not only Blunkett but also his new best friend, the

A．genteel xenophobia

B．liberal commitment

C．Britain's multi-ethnicity

D．populist bigotry

In less than three decades "multiculturalism" has become a word immediately recognizable by policy 【M1】______ makers, social critics, academics and the general public in Western industrial countries. It emphasizes that acknowledging the existence of ethnic diversity and ensure the rights of individuals to retain their 【M2】______ culture should go hand in hand with enjoying full access to participate in constitutional principles and 【M3】______ commonly shared values prevailed in the society. By 【M4】______ acknowledging the rights of individuals and groups and ensuring their equitable access to society, advocates of multiculturalism also maintain that such a policy benefits both individuals and the large society 【M5】______ by reducing pressures for social conflict based on disadvantage and inequality. They also argue that multiculturalism is enrichment for the society as a whole. The adoption of multicultural policy models is 【M6】______ initially inspired by a desire to address the issue of how to integrate immigrant ethnic minority. The 【M7】______ experiences of those limited number of countries of Canada, Australia and Sweden which have explicitly espoused multiculturalism as a policy response to ethnic diversity have indicated that while the policy is certainly uncontested it has, nevertheless, shown 【M8】______ considerable durability. The application of any policy model will obviously be affected by the characteristics of the society which it operates. The attraction of 【M9】______ multiculturalism was its perceived ability to address policy issues associated with immigrant minority groups in a way that was consistent with special ideals 【M10】______ of a country.

【M1】

A、Legendary

B、Multi-ethnic

C、Stream of Consciousness

D、Local Colorism

One of the advantages in multimodal transport is to reduce the burden of documentation and forrealities．（ ）

Task 1 Fill in the blanks with the right words or phrases. Change the form where necessary. stand for objective workforce consist of rank profitable strategy operation product employee 1. With the global economic crisis, many companies are planning to cut their_________________ 2. The logo “Shell”____________the Royal Dutch Shell Group of companies. 3. The company______________ eight departments 4. The company is very successful and has been______________ since its foundation in 2005. 5. In some companies, the ____________can choose a suitable time for their work. 6. The success of this car shows the importance of good design in helping to sell the ________________. 7.It is very important to use certain communicative and negotiating _______________ in business negotiation. 8. Many multinational companies have substantial _______________ in this area. 9. They failed to realize their_________________. 10. The company is _________________ the third in global mobile phone sales.

One of the WTO basic functions is to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations.(  )

听力原文：She is the multi-grimy award woman, ever-changing queen of pub, icon of style, actress, mother and global brand.Now the material girl has reinvented us again, this time as a fashion designer. MF Madonna arranging clothing design by the star goes on sale worldwide this week in stores of European fashion retailer H&Dam. In the age with line of celebrity and business blurred, teaming up with the global brand -- makes a commercial sense.

Who is the celebrity that the news talked about?

A．Monika.

B．Ferrin. M.

C．Madonna.

D．Michael.

There are two main methods of organizing governments — the unitary system and the federal system. The unitary state places most power in the hands of central government officials, whereas the federal state allocates strong power to units of local government within the country. A country's cultural and physical characteristics influence the evolution of its governmental system.

In principle, the unitary government system works best in countries that have both relatively few internal cultural differences and a strong sense of national unity. Therefore, states whose boundaries coincide closely with the boundaries of nations are more likely to consider a unitary system of government. In addition, because the unitary system requires effective communications with all regions of the country, smaller states are more likely to adopt it. If the country is very large or has isolated regions, strong national control is difficult.

In reality, multinational states often have unitary systems so that the values of one nationality can be imposed on others. In a number of African and Asian countries, for instance, the mechanism of a unitary state has enabled one ethnic group to extend dominance over weaker groups. In some cases, a minority group is able to impose its values on the majority of the population. When communist parties controlled the government of Eastern European countries, for example, the unitary systems enabled the imposition of uniform. cultural values on otherwise multinational societies

In a federal state, local governments possess more authority to adopt their own laws. Multinational states usually adopt a federal system of government in order to give power to different nationalities, especially if they live in separate regions of the country. Under a federal system, local government boundaries can be drawn that correspond to the regions inhabited by different nations. The federal system is also more suitable for very large states. The national capitals of very large states may be too remote to provide effective control over isolated regions.

In the late twentieth century, a strong global trend occurred in favor of the federal system of government. Most of the world's largest states were already federal, including the Soviet Union, Canada, the United States, Brazil, and India. During the late 1980s and 1990s, unitary systems have been sharply curtailed in a number of countries and scrapped altogether in others.

In the last paragraph, the word "scrapped" can be best replaced by______.

A．scratched

B．reinforced

C．reduced

D．abandoned

There are two main methods of organizing governments —the unitary system and the federal system. The unitary state places most power in the hands of central government officials, whereas the federal state allocates strong power to units of local government within the country. A country's cultural and physical characteristics influence the evolution of its governmental system.

In principle, the unitary government system works best in countries that have both relatively few internal cultural differences and a strong sense of national unity. Therefore, states whose boundaries coincide closely with the boundaries of nations are more likely to consider a unitary system of government. In addition, because the unitary system requires effective communications with all regions of the country, smaller states are more likely to adopt it. If the country is very large or has isolated regions, strong national control is difficult.

In reality, multinational states often have unitary systems so that the values of one nationality can be imposed on others. In a number of African and Asian countries, for instance, the mechanism of a unitary state has enabled one ethnic group to extend dominance over weaker groups. In some cases, a minority group is able to impose its values on the majority of the population. When communist parties controlled the government of Eastern European countries, for example, the unitary systems enabled the imposition of uniform. cultural values on otherwise multinational societies.

In a federal state, local governments possess more authority to adopt their own laws. Multinational states usually adopt a federal system of government in order to give power to different nationalities, especially if they live in separate regions of the country. Under a federal system, local government boundaries can be drawn that correspond to the regions inhabited by different nations. The federal system is also more suitable for very large states. The national capitals of very large states may be too remote to provide effective control over isolated regions.

In the late twentieth century, a strong global trend occurred in favor of the federal system of government. Most of the world's largest states were already federal, including the Soviet Union, Canada, the United States, Brazil, and India. During the late 1980s and 1990s, unitary systems have been sharply curtailed in a number of countries and scrapped altogether in others.

In the last paragraph, the word "scrapped" can be best replaced by ______.

A．scratched

B．reinforced

C．reduced

D．abandoned