is totally centralized, and is particularly useful for new business as it enables the founder to control growth and development.

An overly centralized economy, not the changes in the climate, is responsible for the poor agricultural production in(Country X since its new government came to power. Neighboring(Country Y has experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

A．Industrial production also is declining in Country X.

B．Whereas(Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.

C．Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.

D．The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.

E．Gauntry X" s new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods.

Why are Europeans particularly concerned with building materials?

A．Lots of building materials there are radioactive.

B．Up to 90% of them stay home.

C．They have a high rate of lung cancer.

D．They spend most of their time indoors.

The only solid pieces of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-had spots.

听力原文： In the near future diagnosing a patient's illness may become much less painful for the patient and less uncertain for the doctor. Research and technological advances in scientific photography may ultimately enable a doctor to discover a patient's problem with pictures rather than with blood and tissue samples. Such new diagnostic techniques may even help doctors detect diseases much earlier than they could by using conventional techniques. One new technique is thermography, a photographic process in which variations in temperature within the body show up as different colors. Even at rest, the temperatures of different areas of the body are constantly changing. Scientists are now trying to understand why this is true and how these variations in temperature relate to illness. Although the research is incomplete, most scientists agreed that thermography holds definite possibilities for early detection of disease or for predicting individual's predisposition for certain unhealthy conditions. This technique of measuring the variation of body temperature graphically has a great advantage over X rays and other conventional diagnostic methods. With thermography, there are no side-effects, no uncomfortable exploratory procedures and there's no need to take blood and tissue samples. Patients need not to endure pain or fear unknown procedures. There's no question that this new photographic technique will improve health care in the future.

Who will be most interested in the advances mentioned in the talk?

A．Inventors.

B．Science fiction writers.

C．Photographers.

D．Health-care workers.

听力原文：W: Welt, I dont know about you, but Im totally confused about todays lecture, especially the part about music and noise. M: Its not so bad, really. I think I got most everything in my notes. W: So then ... what is the difference between music and noise? Professor King said noise is a random sound, but then he said the sounds of a cymbal and a drumbeat were examples of noise. Id say theyre examples of music—since theyre sounds made by musical instruments! What do you think he meant? M: OK. Do you remember how he said that noise is a random sound? W: Uh-huh. M: Well, its a random sound that has irregular sound waves. W: But hows a sound thats noise different from a sound thats music? M: Well, if you could take a picture of a musical note, youd see that it has regular waves that repeat themselves. Thats because music is a sound thats in a pattern we can hear or discern. Noise is different from music because it doesnt have a pattern. W: But why is the sound of a drumbeat noise instead of music? Isnt a drumbeat a note? And then ... so ... doesnt it have a regular pattern of waves? M: Maybe youre taking what he said too literally. Maybe he meant a drumbeat is as close as a musical instrument can get to making just noise. W: Maybe a single drumbeat is like a word spoken out of context. A single word with no context is just noise! M: Now theres a thought! W: The other thing I didnt get was what he said about antinoise. First noise, then antinoise? What do you think he meant? M: Think of it as the opposite of noise. Its like—wait, let me back up. Sound has waves, right? W: Right. M: Well, we can describe these waves as "in phase" or "out of phase" with each other. "Out of phase" means reversed. W: Uh-huh. M: If you add two out-of phase waves together at the same frequency, the result is antinoise—silence. W: Antinoise is silence? M: Right! And theres a computer program that proves this. A microphone picks up the sound and sends it back to the computer, and then the computer reads the waves and makes sort of a mirror image, or a reverse copy of the wave. Then you can play it back against the original sound, and when the two waves meet, they sort of overlap each other ... exactly at the high and low peaks. This eliminates the sound, creating zero sound—antinoise. W: How do you know all this? Professor King didnt talk about this. M: Its all in our book. Didnt you do the reading? W: No, I didnt have time. I guess Id better do that now. M: Yeah, you should. But its better to do the reading before the lectures cause then youll have a better idea of what hes talking about. W: Yeah, youre right. I guess I have some catching up to do.Conversation Music Theory

What are the students mainly discussing? Click on two answers.

A．How music differs from noise

B．Sounds made by musical instruments

C．The phenomenon of antinoise

D．Why some sounds are unpleasant

It's Saturday night. Accountants and bank tellers are at school learning a new business skill.

"Whiskey, whiskey, whiskey," they chant together, pulling their mouths into a grin at the end of each word.

They're practising smiling. Instructors say it's the hardest part of the curriculum at Korean Air Service Academy, a school that aims to make South Korean business more globally competitive by teaching "international manners."

"South Koreans have difficulty in smiling," said Y. D. Lee, the academy's general manager. "Our ancestors had the philosophy that the serious person — stern or strict — is better than the smiling one. That's why our students are chanting."

The academy not only teaches service with a smile, but also proper greetings, Korean bowing, posture, the importance of a polite refusal and so on.

And it's not just for business.

Officials at the academy say their fastest-growing group of students comes from the government. That's partly because businesses have been tightening their belts during the economic crisis of the past two years and partly because citizens are demanding better treatment from the government.

Tax collectors, prosecutors and others are being sent to school to polish their service manners. Then, citizens who have to show deference to rulers come to the school.

"It's a symbol of a democratic conscience for a government official to express kindness and sincerity," said H. D. Cho, assistant general manager at the Korean Air School.

Since the airline started the academy in late 1992, its competitor, Asiana Airlines, also started a course. Asiana Airlines travels the country to train people at their workplaces.

Prices and length of courses vary, but a client would pay about US ＄1,600 to send 25 employees to an eight-hour course over two days at Korean Air.

"Before, the main factor in competing was the product," said Lee. "Now our product, price and quality are on the same level, but the difference is service — the way of delivery, way of speaking, way of negotiating."

Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．Korean Air Service Academy is a school that aims to teach accountants and bank tellers how to say "whiskey".

B．The hardest part of the curriculum at Korean Air Service Academy is to learn how to smile.

C．To chant the word "Whiskey" together is the way to make South Korean business more globally competitive.

D．The curriculum at Korean Air Service Academy is to learn how to smile.

听力原文： The United States has strongly criticized the broadcast of previously unseen images of alleged prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq. The images, which show prisoners apparently being tortured and humiliated, have been shown on television stations across the world. The American Defense Department confirmed the authenticity of the pictures, but said releasing them could only serve to incite unnecessary violence. The American authorities are very unhappy that these new disturbing images from Abu Ghraib have seen the light of day. The State Department has dismissed them as disgusting and defended the US government's decision to try and stop their publication.

Which of the following statements about the American Defense Department is TRUE?

A．It has denied the authenticity of the pictures of abused prisoners.

B．It has supported the decision to stop the publication of the pictures.

C．It has considered the pictures of abused prisoners unacceptable.

D．It has been worrying about the violence incited by the pictures.

听力原文： The United States has strongly criticized the broadcast of previously unseen images of alleged prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq. The images, which show prisoners apparently being tortured and humiliated, have been shown on television stations across the world. The American Defense Department confirmed the authenticity of the pictures, but said releasing them could only serve to incite unnecessary violence. The American authorities are very unhappy that these new disturbing images from Abu Ghraih have seen the light of day. The State Department has dismissed them as disgusting and defended the US government's decision to try and stop their publication.

Which of the following statements about the American Defense Department is TRUE?

A．It has denied the authenticity of the pictures of abused prisoners.

B．It has supported the decision to stop the publication of the pictures.

C．It has considered the pictures of abused prisoners unacceptable.

D．It has been worrying about the violence incited by the pictures.