What is the correct order of the following stages involved in the development of an ISA？ （

Organic Architecture

One of the most striking personalities in the development of early-twentieth century architecture was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867- 1959). Wright attended the University of Wisconsin in Madison before moving to Chicago, where he eventually joined the firm headed by Louis Sullivan. Wright set out to create "architecture of democracy". Early influences were the volumetric shapes in a set of educational blocks the German educator Friedrich Froebel designed, the organic unity of a Japanese building Wright saw at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, and a Jeffersonian belief in individualism and populism. Always a believer in architecture as "natural" and "organic", Wright saw it as serving free individuals who have the right to move within a free space, envisioned as a nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its natural surroundings. He sought to develop an organic unity of planning, structure, materials, and site. Wright identified the principle of continuity as fundamental to understanding his view of organic unity: "Classic architecture was all fixations. Now why not let walls, ceilings, floors become seen as component parts of each other? This ideal, profound in its architectural implications I called continuity."

Wright manifested his vigorous originality early, and by 1900 he had arrived at a style. and entirely started his own. In his work during the first decade of the twentieth century, his cross-axial plan and his fabric of continuous roof planes and screens defined a new domestic architecture.

Wright fully expressed these elements and concepts in Robie House, built between 1907 and 1909. Like other buildings in the Chicago area he designed at about the same time, this was called a prairie house. Wright conceived the long, sweeping ground-hugging lines, unconfined by abrupt wall limits, as reaching out toward and capturing the expansiveness of the place great flatlands. Starting abandoning all symmetry, the architect eliminated a facade, extended the roofs far beyond the walls, and all but concealed the entrance. Wright filled the "wandering" plan of the Robie House with intricately joined spaces (some large and open, others closed), grouped freely around a great central fireplace.A (He believed strongly in the hearth's age-old domestic significance.) Wright designed enclosed patios, overhanging roofs, and strip windows to provide unexpected light sources and glimpses of the outdoors as people move through the interior space. These elements, together with the open ground plan, create a sense of space-inmotion inside and out. B He set masses and voids in equilibrium; the flow of interior space determined the exterior wall placement.C The exterior's sharp angular planes meet at apparently odd angles, matching the complex play of interior solids, which function not as inert containing surfaces but as elements equivalent in role to the design's spaces. D

The Robie House is a good example of Wright's "naturalism", his adjusting of a building to its site. However, in this particular case, the confines of the city lot constrained the building-to-site relationship more than did the sites of some of Wright's more expansive suburban and country homes. The Kaufmann House, nicknameed "Falling water" and designed as a weekend retreat at Bear Run near Pittsburgh is a start prime example of the latter. Perched on a rocky hillside over a small waterfall, this structure extends the Robie House's blocky masses in all four directions. The contrast in textures between concrete, painted metal, and natural stones in its walls enliven its shapes, as does Wright's use of full-length strip windows to create a stunning interweaving of interior and exterior space.

The implied message of Wright's new architecture was space, not mass—a space designed to fit the patron's life and enclosed and divided as required. Wright took special pains to m

A．the designs in classical architecture.

B．Jefferson's home near Washington.

C．educational blocks by Friedrich Froebel.

D．a trip to Japan when he was a young man.

Which of the following best describes the authors development of the passage?

A．Background information→introducing the issue→describing its current situation.

B．Introducing the issue→describing its current situation→citing ways to solve the issue.

C．Describing its current situation→offering the reasons→citing ways to solve the issue.

D．Introducing the issue→giving the background information→describing its current situation.

Which of the following best describes the authors development of the passage?

A．Introducing the issue→listing possible solutions→making the closing statement.

B．Raising the topic→giving supportive details→drawing up the conclusion.

C．Introducing the issue→providing controversial opinions→making the closing statement.

D．Describing the actual status→putting forward the question→giving practical answers.

Contingency planning should include all but which of the following?

A The development of a contingency allowance determined by combining (layering) various estimate segments to form. larger estimate segments.

B the development of schedule alternatives and work-around

C the management of a contingency budget

D an assessment of project shut-down liabilities.

E A and C

Which of the following best describes the author's development of argument?

A．introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue→describing the actual status→offering reasons.

B．describing the actual status→introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue→offering reasons.

C．citing ways to deal with the issue→introducing the issue→describing the actual status→offering reasons.

D．describing the actual status→offering reasons→introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue.

Which of the following best describes the author's development of argument?

A．introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue→describing the actual status→offering reasons.

B．describing the actual status→introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue→offering reasons.

C．citing ways to deal with the issue→introducing the issue→describing the actual status→offering reasons.

D．describing the actual status→offering reasons→introducing the issue→citing ways to deal with the issue.

What is the contributing factor for the development of forestry industry in Iceland?

A．The change of climate.

B．The appearance of foreign types of trees.

C．Emphasis on the importance of trees.

D．Help coming from all around the world.

A、In China, students and their parents think entering a vocational school is inferior to other choices.

B、Being a technician is a respectable career.

C、More opportunities will be provided to students to further their studies.

D、China will allow vocational schools to better serve the demands of businesses.

●Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.Yet much had happened between.As was discussed before，it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant preelectronic mediam，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.It Was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up，beginning with transport，the railway，and leading on through the telegraph，the telephone，radio，and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane.Not everyone sees that processin perspective.It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized，however，that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century，(66) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s，radically changed the process，although its impact on the media was not immediately(67).As time went by，computers became smaller and more powerful，and they became "personal"too，as well as(68)，with display becoming sharper and storage(69)incteasing.They were thought of，like people，(70)generations，with the distance between generations much smaller.

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe thecontext within which we now live.The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time，but there have been controversial view about its economic，political，social and cultural implications."Benefits" have been weighed against"harmful"outcomes.And generalizations have proved difficult.

(66)A.brought B.followed C.stimulated D.characterized

(67)A.apparent B.desirable C.negative D.plausible

(68)A.institutional B.universal C.fundamental D.instrumental

(69)A.ability B.capability C.capacity D.faculty

(70)A.by means of B.in terms of C.with regard to D.in line with

●Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.Yet much had happened between.As was discussed before，it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant preelectronic mediam，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.It Was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up，beginning with transport，the railway，and leading on through the telegraph，the telephone，radio，and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane.Not everyone sees that processin perspective.It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized，however，that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century，followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s，radically changed the process，although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent.As time went by，computers became smaller and more powerful，and they became "personal"too，as well as institutional，with display becoming sharper and storage capacity incteasing.They were thought of，like people，in terms of generations，with the distance between generations much(71).

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the(72)within which we now live.The communications revolution has (73)both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time，but there have been(74) view about its economic，political，social and cultural implications."Benefits" have been weighed(75)"harmful"outcomes.And generalizations have proved difficult.

(71)A.deeper B.fewer C.nearer D.smaller

(72)A.context B.range C.scope D.territory

(73)A.regarded B.impressed C.influenced D.effected

(74)A.competitive B.controversial C.distracting D.irrational

(75)A.above B.upon C.against D.with