In 1501, Henry and Elizabeth’s elder son Arthur, having married Catherine of Aragon, died of an unknown ailment at the age of 15, leaving their younger son Henry, Duke of York, as the heir.

In the history of arts patronage(资助，赞助), entrepreneurs-turned-connoisseurs(艺术品鉴赏家，行家) are a young development. The world's greatest museums the Louvre, Hermitage, Prado began as lavish civilization-is-power statements by monarchs and emperors; private individuals did not emerge as significant museum patrons before the 19th century. Until a generation ago. those wanting to leave their mark in bricks usually did so in a room of their own in a state museum: the Duveen Galleries at Tate Britain, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Gallery at New York's Museum of Modern Art. But in the past 15 years, that has changed: worldwide, collectors seek immortality in glass and steel, through a museum of their own, designed by an architect of their choosing.

These are not latter-day Henry Tates or Pavel Tretyakovs, democratic visionaries who paid for buildings and donated core collections to kick-start evolving national, state-run institutions. Museum builders of the 1990s and 2000s, by contrast, are products of late capitalism, dedicated to more personal projects, with an individualistic flavor. They represent the legacy of Thatcher-Reagan words of choice, private philanthropy (慈善机构), me-generation celebrity.

Together, these and scores more bring diversity and flatten old geographical hierarchies. In Istanbul, collector Sakip Sabanci's museum, founded in 2002, is the first ever to show western modernism in Turkey. Thanks to Dominique de Menil, the greatest collection of paintings by Cy Twombly, who lives in Italy, is on permanent show in Houston, Texas, in a gallery designed in 1995 by Renzo Piano. In 1996 the late collector and dealer Heinz Berggmen launched his Museum Berggruen in Berlin, giving Germany its only Picasso collection.

Is all for the best in the best of all possible worlds? Certainly, more private museums mean more art on display for more people to see. Today's collectors are reluctant to bequeath (遗赠) to established museums, where space shortages mean works may go straight into storerooms and stay there. By contrast, a dedicated museum maintains the integrity of a collection, keeping together outstanding groups of works, assembled with personal flair, in buildings designed to enhance them. Renzo Piano's light, see-through 1997 construction for Ernst Beyeler's cherry-picked modernist paintings in Basel is the shining European example. For contemporary work, private collectors have particular advantages: free of state bureaucracy, they can respond quickly to the fast pace, and show work in ways that are too radical for traditional museums.

How did the Louvre, Hermitage, and Prado museums originate according to the passage?

A．Donations of the richest collectors.

B．Patronage of private individuals.

C．Collections of connoisseurs.

D．Encouragements and approval by rulers.

Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, "The business of America is business." By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.

Few would argue with Ford's statement. A brief glimpse at a daffy newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as "the entertainment industry" or "show business".

The positive side of Henry Ford's statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.

The negative side of Henry Ford's statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies—is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form. unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the driving away of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates

feelings of insecurity for many.

The United States is a country ______ .

A．which encourages free trade at home and abroad

B．where people's chief concern is how to make money

C．where all businesses are managed scientifically

D．which normally works according to the federal budget

Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, "The business of America is business." By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.

Few would argue with Ford's statement. A brief glimpse at a daffy newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as "the entertainment industry" or "show business".

The positive side of Henry Ford's statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.

The negative side of Henry Ford's statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies—is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form. unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the driving away of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates

feelings of insecurity for many.

The United States is a country ______ .

A．which encourages free trade at home and abroad

B．where people's chief concern is how to make money

C．where all businesses are managed scientifically

D．which normally works according to the federal budget

听力原文： Not many couples stay married for 50 years. Even fewer do so for 75 years. It's almost impossible for a couple to be married for 85 years. But that's exactly what Henry and Maggie Thurston did.

Henry was born on a farm in Iowa in 1857. At the age of 18 he went to Chicago to attend the university. There he met Maggie who had come from Cleveland to study art. She was one year younger.

This was a true case of love at first sight. They got married in 1876, less than six months after they met. In 1877 their first son, Jack, was born. By 1885 they had five children, including their third son, Lou, who became a well-known writer. From 1900 to 1915 Henry and Maggie became grandparents thirty one times.

On February 14th, 1961, they celebrated their 85th wedding anniversary. The day they had chosen for their wedding day had become Valentine's Day. Over one hundred newsmen came to report on the event. The couple was seen on national TV. Most amazing of all, though, was the fact that over 1,500 relatives were also present. The youngest was a three-week-old baby girl. Henry and Maggie were old. He was 104 and she was 103.

(30)

A．Maths.

B．Physics.

C．An.

D．Chemistry.

______ is considered to be the greatest dramatist in the 18th century in Britain.

A．Henry Fielding

B．Lawrence Sterne

C．Oliver Goldsmith

D．Richard B. Sheridan

As a student in that famous school, Henry used to look hurt when

A．scolded

B．having scolded

C．to scold

D．scolding