The following industries were revolutionized in the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT？

Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They【31】that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the【32】man. But they insisted that its【33】results during the period from 1740 to 1840 were widespread poverty and misery for the【34】of the English population.【35】contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1640 to 1740, when England was still a【36】agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view,【37】is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists【38】history and economics, have【39】two things: that the period from 1640 to 1740 was【40】by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

(31)

A．admitted

B．believed

C．claimed

D．predicted

Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They【B1】that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the【B2】man. But they insisted that its【B3】results during the period from 1740 to 1840 were widespread poverty and misery for the【B4】of the English population.【B5】contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1640 to 1740, when England was still a【B6】agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view,【B7】is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists【B8】history and economics, have【B9】two things: that the period from 1640 to 1740 was【B10】by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

【B1】

A．admitted

B．believed

C．claimed

D．predicted

Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They【C1】______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the【C2】______ man. But they insisted that its【C3】______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the【C4】______ of the English population.【C5】______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a【C6】______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view,【C7】______ is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists【C8】______ history and economics, have【C9】______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was【C10】______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the population.

【C1】

A．admitted

B．believed

C．claimed

D．predicted

The often criticized child of the industrial age, advertising, has grown as societies have become more industrialized and, therefore, more commercialized. No modern industry or company can survive without advertising. It is the vital link between the producer and the customer. If advertising were abolished, as many people have suggested it should be, the public and the companies that advertise would suffer a considerable loss.

Most people think of television as an inexpensive source of entertainment. Television 's primary purpose, however, is not to provide an entertainment service, except for government-owned network, it exists in order to promote products for companies. Unless the television industry received income from advertising, watching television would be at least as expensive as going to the movies.

Like television, many magazines and newspapers exist primarily to sell products. In some sensitive cases, the stories, pictures, and editorials simply attract people to buy a particular publication. Once a person begins to read, there is no escaping the advertising.

Advertising not only pays for, or helps pay for, much of the mass media; it also provides the consumer with news from industry. This news functions first to influence the buyers to choose one product over another. It also informs people of new products what are important in their lives, for example, the development of salt-free butter for heart patients, or the development of tires that prevent skidding(刹车打滑) on wet pavement.

Advertising does not usually increase the total number of products sold; it does help determine which company sells more of which products. Its main function is to relay news from the manufacture to the consumer. Since this is a necessary service, advertising will remain a part of people's everyday live and a part of every company's budget.

According to the passage, modern industry or company can survive ______.

A．if advertising continues to exist

B．if the link between the customers and manufacturers remains good

C．if "the criticized child" dies out

D．if societies have become more industrialized

With the rise of the great metropolis (大都市) in the industrial era, city planning in the West passed out of the hands of the architect and into the hands of the technical expert. Unlike the architect who thought of the city as a work of art to be built up with an eye toward beauty, the technical expert has always taken a purely functional approach to city planning; the city exists for the sole purpose of serving the needs of its inhabitants. Its outward appearance has no intrinsic (本质的) value.

Over the span of a few centuries, this new breed of urban planner has succeeded in forever changing the face of the western city. A brief visit to any large metropolis is enough to confirm this fact. Even a casual observe could not fail to notice that the typical urban landscape is arranged along the lines of the tedious chessboard pattern, with its four-cornered intersections and long, straight and dull streets. Strict building codes have resulted in an overabundance of unsightly (难看的) neighborhoods in which there is only slight variation among structures. Rows of low concrete apartment houses and files of great steel and glass skyscrapers have almost completely replaced older, more personal buildings. Moreover, the lovely natural surroundings of many cities are no longer a part of the urban landscape. For the most part, the hills and rivers which were once so much a part of so many metropolitan settings have now been covered by thoughtless construction.

The lone bright spot amidst all of this urban blight (贫民区) has been the local park system, which is to be found in most western cities. Large, centrally located parks—for example, New York's Central Park or London's Hyde Park—and smaller, remote parks bring a measure of beauty to western cities by breaking up the man-made monotony. With their green grass, dense woods, and pleasant ponds, streams and waterfalls, local park systems also offer a lot of opportunities for city dwellers to rest or recreate, free of the intense burdens of urban life. if they have understood nothing else about the quality of life in urban areas, technical experts have at least had the good sense to recognize that people need a quiet refuge (避难所) from the chaotic bustle (忙乱) of the city.

The reference to "a purely functional approach to city planning" serves to ______.

A．demonstrate that architects and technical experts should cooperate

B．imply that architects are unconcerned about human comfort

C．show that technical experts have destroyed the natural beauty of cities

D．stress that architects and technocrats have different priorities

Before suburbanization which began during the emergence of the industrial city, the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved around on foot and goods were ______by horse and cart.

A．conveyed

B．surveyed

C．forwarded

D．delivered

Man: I've made a decision about my term paper. It's going to focus on the Industrial Revolution. Woman: That might not be approved—it seems too broad. Question: What does the woman imply?

A．She implies that she also wants to write about the Industrial Revolution.

B．She implies that she might also write the term paper.

C．She implies that he should get started right away.

D．She implies that the subject might not be appropriate.

Adult Education

Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something*which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding ,or develop new talents and skills.

This kind of education may be in the form. of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.

Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.

The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics’ institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Ph People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today.

For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

A. Necessity for developing adult education

B. Early days of adult education

C. Ways of receiving adult education

D. Growth of adult education

E. Institutions of adult education

F. Definition of adult education

Paragraph 2 _______

根据下面材料，回答题。

Adult Education

1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training,find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills.

2 This kind of education may be in the form. of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs and professional associations.

3 Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.

4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics&39; institution in Glasgow.

Benjamin Franklin and some friends found the earliest adult education institution in the U.S.in Philadelphia in 1727.

5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today.

For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other need.

Paragraph 2__________. 查看材料

A.Necessity for developing adult education

B.Early days of adult education

C.Ways of receiving adult education

D.Growth of adult education

E.Institutions of adult education

F.Definition of adult education