The word “oil” originally means “any kind of smooth greasy liquid” but later acquires the specific meaning of “petroleum”. This word-forming method is called （）.

The word "bead" originally means "prayer", but later it refers to "the prayer bead", the visible manifestation of a prayer, finally "small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood". This is an example of______.

A．meaning-shift

B．widening of meaning

C．narrowing of meaning

D．loss of meaning

The word "girl" originally meant "young person of either sex", but now it means "young people of female sex". This is an example of

A．meaning shift.

B．widening of meaning.

C．narrowing of meaning.

D．loss of meaning.

The word "springs" in Paragraph 3 means

A．a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.

B．the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.

C．the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.

D．a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.

The word "springs" in Paragraph 3 means

A．a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.

B．the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.

C．the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.

D．a' length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.

The word "springs" in Paragraph 3 means

A．a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.

B．the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.

C．the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.

D．a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.

The word "offend" originally meant to strike against, but now the word signifies to create or excite anger. This is an example of ______.

A．meaning shift

B．widening of meaning

C．narrowing of meaning

D．loss of meaning

听力原文： As city residents, we all think that we know what the word "city" means, but do we really (32) ? Here are some interesting facts.

In Britain, a town of any size can be called a city, if it has a cathedral. So London today includes the two cities of London and Westminster, because both parts have a cathedral (33) . But a small place in North Wales called St. Asaph has a population of fewer than 4,000 and yet because it has a cathedral it is also called a city. on the other hand, Birmingham was so large that it was specially made into a city, even though it did not have a cathedral (34) .

In the USA, "city" is simply a legal term, and it does not depend on the size or importance of the place. Confusingly, however, the US Census Bureau, an American government department that conducts official counts of the population, classifies any place with a population of over 2,500 as a city, no matter how far out in the countryside it is.

The world's most densely populated city is the area of Japan that includes Tokyo and Yokohama, which has an estimated 29,272,000 inhabitants (34) . But, in the future, it may well be replaced by a city in China or a city in India.

So, what is a city? It all depends on where you live.

(33)

A．US census officials.

B．Government employees,

C．People who live in the city.

D．Lawyers who work for the Church.