There are a number of factors contributing to today's world as a 'global village', including （).

A、McLuhan

B、Hall

C、Samovar

D、Hofstede

Degree of the worker's contribution is greater when ______.

A．a factory possesses more experts

B．a factory has many small production lines

C．workers enjoy more freedom

D．workers work at a large production line

Degree of the worker's contribution is greater when_______.

A．a factory possesses more experts

B．a factory has many small production lines

C．workers enjoy more freedom

D．workers work at a large production line

The World Cup

This summer's World Cup competition will see teams competing to play the world's best football. But the football they play will not all be of the same kind. The fans expect different styles of play from Brazil, Germany, or Italy.

What makes Brazilian football Brazilian? Our style. of playing football contrasts with the Europeans because of a combination of qualities of surprise, accuracy and good judgment. This style. has won Brazil five world cups. Yet many Brazilian fans only count four of these victories. In 1994, the team abandoned this style. for modern, scientific training and tactics. The team won the cup, but in a boring way.

The Italians think differently.” To many Italians, the score 0-0 has a glorious quality, suggesting perfection,” says the British football writer Simon Kuper. In the Italian culture, the idea of face is very important. This is why Italian teams are traditionally built around strong defenses. The Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff once said that Italian teams never exactly beat you. It's just that you often lose to them.

In Holland, there is a tradition of decision making through argument and discussion. It is a society where everybody is expected to have a point of view.” Every Dutch player wants to control the game,” says Arnold Muhren. “You play football with your brains and not your feet.”

“A Dutch player argues,” says Simon Kuper. “An English player obeys his superior. He is a soldier.” The qualities valued in English football are military-strength, aggression and courage. This can make for exciting football. But it also means that the English find it difficult to use skillful players. David Beckham is usually criticized for his failure to defend-despite the fact that he is an attacker.

If the English like to fight, the Germans like to win. In recent years, Germany has tried to change its image as a country of ruthless efficiency and a desire for victory at all costs. But Germans are quite happy for these qualities to remain in their national football team.” Football is a simple game,” Gary Lineker once said.” You kick a ball about for ninety minutes and in the end the Germans win.”

It's difficult to predict who will win this year's World Cup. There is no strong favorite. But a look at the track record of previous winners shows that it is the nations with the strongest national characteristics in the football that perform. best. It seems that you need to know where you come from if you want to get to the top.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Brazilian style. of playing football?

A．Accuracy.

B．Surprise.

C．Good judgment.

D．Ruthless efficiency.

U.S. airlines could slash 70,000 more jobs if there were war with Iraq and the U.S. government did not give the industry, more help, the biggest domestic carriers said on Tuesday.

The Air Transport Association, which represents major airlines, said in a report on airline finances that its members would take aggressive steps to counter any sharp drop in travel demand and an increase in costs caused by an Iraqi war.

Big airlines are seeking government assistance to stem rising fuel costs and ease taxes that are contributing to losses that soared to more than $10 billion in 2002.

The industry outlined a "most likely" scenario if war broke out, saying that reduced demand and higher costs due to a conflict lasting 90 days would cost it $4 billion in lost revenue. Without a conflict, losses would still be expected to reach almost $7 billion for the year.

"The nation's air carders will continue to do all we can, but we fear that the consequences of this war will be severe," James May, president and chief executive of the air transport group, told a news conference.

May restated the industry's belief that war could prompt more bankruptcies or force some financially fragile carders into liquidation. Recovery would take several years and ticket prices would have to fall further to spur demand.

US Airways Group Inc. and UAL Corp's United Airlines are in Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and some industry experts believe that AMR Corp's American Airlines, the world's biggest carrier could follow later this year.

Airlines expect overall traffic volume during a second Gulf conflict would fall more sharply than it did during the 1991 war, when it declined 8 percent after fighting began.

The airlines based their assessment on a slide of more than 20 percent in advance bookings for overseas travel after the U. S. government elevated its domestic terror alert status from yellow to orange in early February.

Jet fuel has more than doubled in price from a year ago to, $1.30 a gallon recently. Fuel is the second-largest expense after labor for an airline. An increase of one penny a gallon costs the industry an estimated $180 million annually.

U.S. airlines would have to suffer the following losses if there were war with Iraq except that ______.

A．the industry would have to lose $180 million revenue each year with one gallon of jet fuel increasing one penny on sale

B．the overall traffic volume is expected to drop at least over eight percent, which took place during the first gulf war

C．the U. S. government refuses to give the main airline companies any essential financial sup- port once the war broke out

D．it would take a few years to get the prewar ticket prices resumed and then to spur the passengers' riving demand

Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today' s world to find work for everybody. The economies(经济) of the world need to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work (失业). Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in a short time. Also, machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday. In all of the countries of the world, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work of forty people. About 75 000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs.

It was ______ for people to find work before than today.

A．not possible

B．difficult

C．more difficult

D．easier

Everything in today's world is going faster and faster, and television commercials are no exception. At the start of the television age the standard commercial lasted 60 seconds, but most of today's commercials are only half that length and many are even shorter. The 15-second commercial, introduced a few years ago as a way to cut skyrocketing advertising costs, may soon be the most common in the United States. (Our television-watching counterparts in Japan and Europe are already being treated to 7-second mini-commercials ! )

What stands behind the message that blips onto and off our television screens before we have time to get to the kitchen and hack? Months of planning; hundreds of interviews with potential users of the product; hours of writing; dozens of actors, directors, and technicians; days of filming; and hundreds of thousands of dollm's in payments to the television networks that will run the ad.

Take for example a recent commercial for a certain brand of cough drops. The manufacturer of the cough drops spent four months trying to think of a way to boost sales. After several surveys of cough drop users, the company decided to market a strawberry-flavored lozenge. Further surveys identified tile typical users of the strawberry-flavored cough drop as persons between the ages of 15 and 30. This infforination was important in planning the content and style. of the commercial (fast-paced and upbeat, with colorful graphics and lively music) and in determining when to air it (during situation comedies, prime-time dramas, and music specials).

The creative team at the advertising agency that handled the cough drop company's account then took over. After hours of discussion and writing, they came up with six scripts, from which the client chose two. One involved a young woman pulling a strawberry out of a box of cough drops. The outline, or storyboard, for the commercial looked deceptively simple: four sketches and a few lines of 'voice-over.' Yet these few words and images (just enough to fill 15 seconds) had been carefully selected to convey crucial information about the product: its effectiveness in suppressing coughs and soothing sore throats, the absence of sugar, and its strawberry flavor.

Turning this carefully calculated script. into an effective commercial involved finding just the right actor: a young woman who would be attractive to the target audience and who could make her positive response to the cough drops look convincing. Forty-two actors were. auditioned; one was chosen.

The actor wasn't the only element of the commercial that had to go through an audition. More than a hundred outfits were inspected before one was chosen for her to wear, and hundreds of strawberries had to be sorted through.

The filming began at 9:30 one morning. "All" the actor had to do was to open a box of cough drops, pull out a strawberry and munch on it. Yet her movements and facial expressions had to be just right, and achieving that perfection took three hours and 72 shootings, or 'takes.'

Even then—shooting completed—the job was far from done. Thousands of feet of film had to be reduced to a compact 45 feet of finished commercial. Using million-dollar, computerized equipment, the producer, writer, and art director selected the best two takes and mixed images and sound to produce a polished final product. The result? A simple, effortless-looking lisle film that shows none of the tremendous effort that went into producing it, but which should justify all of that time, creativity, and expense by boosting cough drop sales.

Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the selection?

A．Although most television commercials look simple and straightforward, they typically take a great deal of time, effort, and money to produce.

B．Because the development of television commercials involves so many steps, commercials are among the most difficult and complex types of fihn to produce.

C．The major factors in developing a successful television commercial are good planning of style. and content and careful selection of actors.

D．A reduction in the average length of television commercials has made their development more complex and costly than it used to be.

Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today's world to find work for everybody. The economies(经济) of the world need to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work(失业). Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in a short time. Also, machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday. In all of the countries of the world, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work of forty people. About 75 000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs.

If tile economics of the world grow by 4% each year, ______.

A．people will have no jobs

B．people can still have jobs as before

C．4% of the people will have jobs

D．97% of the people will have jobs