The campaign for a boycott of petrol stations comes just weeks after motorists in another region took to the streets to find an outlet for their anger over rocketing fuel costs.

The invention of the computer is said to have ushered in another revolution__________ it has greatly changed people's way of living.

A．in that

B．so that

C．as that

D．since that

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Robots do make mistakes sometimes. But they are not responsible for the mistakes. In one automobile factory,, for example, the doors on more than I ,000 cars were welded shut. A human had given the robot's computer brain the wrong instructions. 'When robots get the correct instructions, their work is good and fast. A company in Florida, for example, uses robots to build small communicating devices. The robots put about 130 tiny electronic pieces into each device. The factory can produce a device just two hours after it receives a request for one. The company says it would take almost one month to produce a device in a normal factory with human workers.

What is the future of robots? The goal of scientists is to create a true humanlike robot. Some experts have described this robot of the future as one that can act independently with the physical world through its own senses and actions. Humans have the ability to see, bear, speak and solve problems. Engineers have build robots that have one or two of these abilities. But it takes a number of big costly computers to make the robots work.

The biggest problem in creating a humanlike robot is copying human intelligence. The way the human mind works is almost impossible to copy. A simple computer can do mathematical problems far be yond the ability of even the smartest human mind. But the human mind is better than a thousand super computers at speaking, hearing and problem-solving. Several American and Japanese companies are working to develop the senses of sight and touch for robots. The development of these senses will make robots much more useful.

However, the most important human ability—and the most difficult to copy—is problem-solving. An intelligent robot must be able to change the way it acts when it faces an unexpected situation. Humans do it all the time. Computers must do it for robots. This means computers must have a huge base of information about many things. They must be able to find the information in their systems quickly. And they must make choices about how to act. So far, this is beyond the ability of computers.

Will it always be so? Probably not. Computers have improved at an unbelievable speed. In 20 years, computers have become 1,000 times more powerful. Scientist expect this rapid improvement to continue. Computers of the future will have the power to operate more humanlike robots.

The robots in use now can do many jobs ______.

A．independently through its own senses and actions

B．according to the instructions from human workers

C．according to the instructions from computer brain,

D．according to the instructions from communicating device

The most popular of all powered personal care appliances is the electric razor. And with refinements in design and performance, its popularity continues to grow.

Three kinds of motors are used in electric shavers. Some contain a tiny universal motor, others contain a vibrator type motor. Cordless razors contain NiCad cells, miniature DC motor, and charging components all within the shaver unit. A scraper or series of scrapers attached to the motor moves in reciprocating fashion—that is, in a back-and-forth, straight line way.

Reciprocating motion is established by means of a small pinion. Essentially, the pinion and scraper are connected by a stud set in an offset position in the pinion. Thus, the scraper is prevented from making a full-circle turn as the motor revolves; its travel is limited to the size of the razor head.

There are variations in the way different makes of electric razors are built, but the principle just described applies to all, with the exception of those that employ rotary heads.

Electric razors generally use very thin perforated shields to enclose the whiskers as skin is pressed against the shields. The rapidly moving scraper shears off the hairs extending through the surface of the shield.

The power source to operate an electric shaver's motor may come from a wall outlet by means of a line cord or through a tiny nickel-cadmium battery in cordless electric razors. Batteries of cordless electric razors have to be recharged periodically by being connected to a wall outlet through use of a line cord.

PROBLEMS, CAUSES, REPAIRS

The electric razor is one appliance that owners—even those with technical ability--cannot repair. Replacement parts are not usually available, not even to professional appliance technicians. The shaver must be returned to the factory when a problem occurs.

The key word to keep in mind regarding caring for your electric razor is "clean." The razor should be brushed clean of hair after every use to maintain its effectiveness and extend its life.

How many types of motors are generally used in the shaver?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Not known.

is a collection of web pages connected together with(67). Each document or page has a unique address that allows you to find it among the millions of other documents on the Web. The address is called a(68)(URL)or sometimes a Uniform. Resource Indicator(URL). When you chose a new link by clicking on it or by typing it into the address field your(69)sends a request for that document and displays it on the screen. That link can be to a different section of the current document, another document on the same website as the original or on another website anywhere in the world. Web pages are designed using(70)or HTML.

A．World Wild Web

B．World Wide Web

C．Web Wild World

D．Word Wide Web

SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points)

What Is the Force of Gravity?

If you throw a ball up, it will come down again. What makes it come down? The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects. Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away. This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity. The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth's surface is called the weight of the object.

All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon, the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravity. Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than the Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth's surface. In fact, the moon's gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth. This means that an object weighing 120 kilograms on Earth will only weigh 20 kilograms on the moon. Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.

The Earth's gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space. To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth's gravitational pull.

Entry into Space

How can we overcome the Earth's gravitational pull? Scientists have been working on this for a long time. It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth's gravitational pull. Such machines are called space rockets. Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth's gravitational pull and go into space.

Rockets

The powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will bum rapidly to form. hot gases.

At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.

When the gunpowder bums, hot gases or exhaust gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder bums. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion.

Why can't Heinz see Christina at 9:00?

A．He will be in another city.

B．He has to pick up Mr. Eckert at the train station.

C．He will be supervising a training session.

D．He has to meet with someone else.

The passage provides information that would answer which of the following questions?

A．What are some of the structural and chemical properties that nanotechnologists strive to create when they mold molecules?

B．Why are the techniques of scanning probe microscopy necessary to the production of objects and molecule arrays in the top-down method?

C．Which is more important to the future of nanotechnology, scientists' use of the theoretical principles or practical experience?

D．Has the nanometer scale been considered easier than the angstrom scale for nanotechnologists to work with?

E．For what reasons do bottom-up nanotechnologists prefer to work with three- dimensional chemical systems that cohere according to the rules of chemical interactions?

The passage provides information that would answer which of the following questions?

A．What are some of the structural and chemical properties that nanotechnologists strive to create when they mold molecules?

B．Why are the techniques of scanning probe microscopy necessary to the production of objects and molecule arrays in the top-down method?

C．Which is more important to the future of nanotechnology, scientists' use of the theoretical principles or practical experience?

D．Has the nanometer scale been considered easier than the angstrom scale for nanotechnologists to work with?

E．For what reasons do bottom-up nanotechnologists prefer to work with three- dimensional chemical systems that cohere according to the rules of chemical interactions?

involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a basis by which to measure performance. These other projects can be within the performing organization or outside of it, and can be within the same or in another application area.

A．Metrics

B．Measurement

C．Benchmarking

D．Baseline