The suffix"-pathy"means disease .

Avian influenza (禽流感), or "bird flu", is an infectious

disease of animals was caused by viruses that normally infect 【S1】______

only birds and, less commonly, pigs. Avian influenza viruses are

highly species-specific, but have, on rare occasions, crossed the

species barrier to infecting humans. 【S2】______

In domestic poultry (家禽), infection with avian influenza

viruses cause two main forms of disease, distinguished by 【S3】______

low and high extremes of virulence (毒性). The so-called

"low pathogenic (病原的)" form. commonly causes only mild

symptoms and may easily go undetected. The highly pathogenic

form. is far more dramatic. It spreads very rapidly through

poultry flocks, causes disease affecting multiple external organs, 【S4】______

and has a mortality that can approach 100%, often within 48

hours.

Bird flu is not the same as SARS. Because their symptoms 【S5】______

are similar, SARS is caused by completely different viruses.

Influenza viruses also are more infectious and cannot be as

readily contained as SARS isolating people who have the 【S6】______

infection.

The current outbreak of bird flu is different from earlier

ones in that officials have been unable to contain its spread. An

outbreak in 1997 in Hong Kong was the first time the virus had

spread to people, but it was much more quickly contained. A

total of 18 people were hospitalized with six reporting deaths. 【S7】______

About 1.5 million chickens were killed by an effort to remove 【S8】______

the source of the virus.

Unlike the 1997 scare, this outbreak has spread more rapidly

to other countries, increasing its exposure on people in varied 【S9】______

locations and raised the likelihood that the strain will combine 【S10】______

with a human influenza virus.

【S1】

Transportation in the U.S.

Railroads are paths of parallel metal rails that allow a wheeled vehicle to move more easily by reducing friction. Iron mils were first used in the early 1800s to guide horse-drawn wagons. After the invention of the steam locomotive (机车) in 1804, steam engines replaced horses as the primary means of power. Modem locomotives commonly use electric motors or diesel (柴油机) engines and pull long trains of passenger or freight (货物) ears. The benefits of rail transportation in both speed and carrying capacity made it superior to other methods of transportation in the 1800s. In the United States and Canada, with their vast expanses of territory, the railroad became a major means of cross-country transportation. In many countries, rail continues to be the main mode of passenger travel. In Europe and Japan, major cities axe connected by high-speed passenger trains, such as the French TGV (Train Grande Vitesse) and the Japanese Shinkansen (新干线) trains, popularly known as bullet trains (高速火车). The Shinkansen train can reach speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph). Railroads have had a profound impact on civilization. Most importantly, the efficiency and speed of mil travel allow a nation's population, industry, and agriculture to be established throughout that nation's territory, even in previously remote areas. Rail transportation has also played a significant role in urban transportation systems.

Motor vehicles make up a broad class of self-propelled (机动式的) land-transportation devices that generally use internal-combustion engines (内燃机) and gasoline or diesel fuel for power. Most motor vehicles are designed to travel on roads, but specialized vehicles with more solid construction are used for off-road travel over irregular ground. Motor vehicles range from motorcycles and automobiles for personal use to trucks, which can transport large amounts of cargo, and buses, which can carry many passengers. The first self-propelled vehicle was powered by steam. French engineer Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot built a steam-propelled vehicle in 1769. Between 1860 and 1890, innovations in steam-engine technology led to more steam-powered vehicles, primarily in France. At the beginning of the 20th century, gasoline powered automobiles began to emerge as the dominant form. of motor vehicle. Automobiles and other motor vehicles grew especially popular in the United States. From a relatively modest number in 1900, the number of motor vehicles in the United States reached 458,500 by 1910 and 6.2 million by 1918. At the end of the 20th century, over 130 million automobiles, 69 million light trucks, and 1.2 million heavy trucks were in use in the United States, being driven an estimated 4.5 trillion km (2.8 trillion mi) per year. The heavy truck, which first came into mass production just prior to World War Ⅰ (1914-1918), has become a major means of moving freight. It is a major competitor with railroads for freight business. The bus was developed in response to the apparent popularity of tiding in motor vehicles. In many nations buses are a major form. of urban and intercity passenger transportation. The motorcycle is one of the most abundant forms of individual urban transportation in the world today. The growth of motorcycle or motorbike use has been especially large in Asian cities, where motorcycles provide a means of bypassing crowded automobile traffic. One of the few motor vehicles that do not use wheels is the snowmobile, which uses a drive track (made of a belt of robber) and a pair of skis to move through snow. Although used for basic transportation in areas with heavy winter snows, the snowmobile is mostly used as a recreational vehicle. Over 200,000 snowmobiles are sold annually in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Air travel has revolutionized global transportation by dramatically reducing the time needed to travel great distances. Journeys across nations or oceans that might have taken

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

What was Hayden's policy regarding the staff of Critical Path?

A．He paid overtime to everybody who worked outside office hours.

B．He reduced the workforce by operating an early retirement scheme.

C．He gave key staff the opportunity to help him set goals for the company.

D．He restored motivation by showing willingness to work alongside staff.

With diabetic retinopathy, the damaged blood vessels in the retina

A．are stronger than what they used to be.

B．cannot be properly replaced.

C．are more likely to break than the new ones.

D．may return to normal again.

Why does the woman tell the story of the Japanese woman?

A．To show her sympathy for the Japanese.

B．To give a good example.

C．To show their friendship.

D．To kill time.

With diabetic retinopathy，the damaged blood vessels in the retina

A．are stronger than what they used to be

B．cannot be properly replaced

C．are more likely to break than the new ones

D．may return to normal again

With diabetic retinopathy, the damaged blood vessels in the retina

A．are stronger than what they used to be.

B．cannot be properly replaced.

C．are more likely to break than the new ones.

D．may return to normal again.

Helen could not help feeling antipathy toward her father’s new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helen' s mother.

A．sympathy

B．concession

C．compassion

D．hostility

The challenges faced by all child protection caseworkers are obvious(1)is often not so obvious are the many rewards a caseworker career(2)People often ask(3)anybody in their right mind would want to be a child protection caseworker, habitually dealing(4)the most disadvantaged and troubled families in their community. Caseworkers routinely(5)disturbing cases of child abuse and neglect, and clients who are not cooperative. Being a caseworker means being an agent of positive change,(6)when the welfare sector is not just a job to you,(7)a professional vocation.

  Child protection is a difficult and(8)career path to follow, but the rewards do exist. Many of our caseworkers choose this career path out of a desire to(9)to the community. To be part of a process can(10)change a family's life, and caseworkers may(11)their intervention equip a young person so that his or her future(12)are improved. Of course, this does not(13)with every intervention. But when it happens, it is a(n)(14)experience. And if you are wondering whether this experience makes the job worthwhile, the answer is YES!

  A good indicator of how outside people(15)the caseworker career has been the feedback from university students. In 2006 there were 118 students on placements (实习) of caseworker career. Those students who completed their placements in child protection told us about the great(16)they have had to(17)theory to practice; the many chances of learning new skills and trying new tasks; the sound knowledge(18)through training; and how(19)becoming familiar with different welfare services was(20)their future career.

Helen could not help feeling antipathy toward her father's new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helen's mother.

A．sympathy

B．concession

C．compassion

D．hostility