The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games emblem is designed in the form of a Chinese seal showing Beijing is ______.

A、One world, One dream

B、Chinese Seal, Dancing Beijing

C、Welcome to Beijing!

D、We are family

A study published in the New England journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation （换气过度) are the most frequent complaints, But 13% of them-roughly four a day-are serious enough to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble (46%), strokes and other neurological problems (18%), and difficult breathing (6%).

Let&39;s face it: plane riders are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand-as much as 30%+ Again, most people won&39;t notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you&39;ve recently had an operation, your wound could open. And if&39; a medical device has been implanted in your body-a splint, a tracheotomy（气管切开术）tube or a catheter (导管)-it could expand and cause injury.

Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis(深静脉血栓)-the so-called economy-class syndrome, When you sit too long in a cramped position. the blood in our legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible,

Whatever you do, don&39;t panic. Things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers&39; aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act gave them"good Samaritan" protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators (电击去颤器) to treat heart attacks.

Are you still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 it. or climb a flight of stairs without getting winded, you&39;ll probably do just fine, Having a doctor close by doesn&39;t hurt, either.

测试题

Heart disease takes up about__________of the in-flight medical emergencies on US flights.

A.13%

B.46%

C.18%

D.6%

We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchically ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.

I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of grammar and style. which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.

This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethnical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught moral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exposed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexplicably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may "learn the hard way" that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect upon our own and others' "theories" or patterns of behavior. and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are "tested"; we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourselves and on others. We thereby correct our mistakes in light of the test of time.

Of course people make different moral judgments; of course we cannot resolve these differences by using some algorithm which is itself beyond judgment. We have no vantage point outside human experience where we can judge right and wrong, good and bad. But then we don't have a vantage point from where we can be philosophical relativists either.

We are left within the real world, trying to cope with ourselves, with each other, with the world, and with our own fallibility. We do not have all the moral answers, nor do we have an algorithm to discern those answers, neither do we possess an algorithm for determining correct language usage but that does not make us throw up our hands in despair because we can no longer communicate.

If we understand ethics in this way, we can see, I think, the real value of ethical theory. Some people talk as if ethical theories give us moral prescriptions. They think we should apply ethical principles as we would a poultice: after diagnosing the ailment, we apply the appropriate dressing. But that is a mistake. No theory provides a set of abstract solutions to apply straightforwardly. Ethical theories are important not because they solve all moral dilemmas but because they help us notice salient features of moral problems and help us understand those problems in context.

Ethical principles are generally thought to be ______.

A．explicitly clear

B．implicitly vague

C．certain but non-rational

D．relative but not subjective

We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchical ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.

I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of gram mar and style. which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.

This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught moral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exposed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexplicably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may "learn the hard way" that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect upon our own and others' "theories" or pat terns of behavior. and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are "tested;" we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourselves and on others. We thereby correct our mistakes in light of the test of time.

Of course people make different moral judgments; of course we cannot resolve these differences by using some algorithm which is itself beyond judgment. We have no vantage point outside human experience where we can judge right and wrong, good and bad. But then we don't have a vantage point from where we can be philosophical relativists either.

We are left within the real world, trying to cope with ourselves, with each other, with the world, and with our own mistakes. We do not have all the moral answers; nor do we have an algorithm to discern those answers. Neither do we possess an algorithm for determining correct language usage but that does not make us throw up our hands in despair because we can no longer communicate.

If we understand ethics in this way, we can see, I think, the real value of ethical theory. Some people talk as if ethical theories give us moral prescriptions. They think we should apply ethical principles as we would a poultice: after diagnosing the illness, we apply the appropriate dressing. But that is a mistake. No theory provides a set of abstract solutions to apply straightforwardly. Ethical theories are important not because they solve all moral dilemmas but because they help us notice salient features of moral problems and help us understand those problems in context.

Ethics was generally considered to be

A．definite and clear.

B．vague and uncertain.

C．certain but non-rational.

D．relative but not subjective.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?

A．Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.

B．The water table has gone down after droughts.

C．Sea level has been continuously rising.

D．Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage？

A．Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.

B．the water table has gone down after droughts.

C．Sea level has been continuously rising.

D．Evaporation of water leaves salt behind

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?

A．Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.

B．The water table has gone down after droughts.

C．Sea level has been continuously rising.

D．Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.

The bearing of tailshaft sealing equipment, which adopting the oil nature circulation is hot, the reason is____.

A.the rotate speed fluctuation

B.the ventilation tube clogged

C.the main engine accelerate so fast

D.stormy waves

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?

A．Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.

B．The water table has gone down after droughts.

C．Sea level has been continuously rising.

D．Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.