____is a disorder that affects a person's ability to eat,sleep,feel pleasure,and function in everyday.

Sleepwalking is a disorder characterized by walking or other activities a person engaged in while【C1】______ still asleep. It is especially【C2】______ among children. Each night there are several【C3】______ of non-REM and REM sleep. Sleepwalking most often occurs during deep, non-REM sleep early in the night. It can also occur during REM sleep near morning.

The cause of sleepwalking in children is usually unknown【C4】______ may be related to fatigue, 【C5】______ sleep loss, or anxiety. Sleepwalking in adults can be associated with mental disorders, reactions to drugs and alcohol, or disease such as seizures: In the elderly, sleepwalking may be a 【C6】______ of an organic brain syndrome(综合病症) or REM behavior. disorders.

The sleepwalking activity may include simply sitting 【C7】______ and appearing to be awake【C8】______ actually being asleep, getting up and walking around, or【C9】______ activities such as【C10】______ furniture, going to the bathroom, dressing and undressing, and similar activities. Some people even drive a car while actually asleep. The【C11】______ can be very brief or can last for 30 minutes or longer.

One common misconception is that a sleepwalker should not be awaken. It is not dangerous to awaken a sleepwalker,【C12】______ the person may be【C13】______ or disoriented for a short time on awakening. Another misconception is that a person cannot be【C14】______ when sleepwalking. Actually, injuries caused by such things as tripping and loss of balance are common for sleepwalkers. Sleepwalking affects【C15】______ 1% to 17% of children and is more frequently seen in boys. The【C16】______ of sleepwalking decreases with age.

What causes sleepwalking is not known. Sleepwalking【C17】______ no serious health threat to those who experience it, although the risk of injury is a 【C18】______ of concern. Currently, there is nonspecific medical evidence that suggests that there may be psychiatric issues involved in sleepwalking and it is not【C19】______ or treated as a mental illness. Future research may【C20】______ the development of a medical-legal definition of sleepwalking.

【C1】

A．physically

B．unconsciously

C．seemingly

D．mentally

听力原文： So, is everyone awake? I guess that' s a good question at the start of an early-morning lecture about sleep. About 30% of adults say they frequently don't feel rested when they wake up in the morning. And why is that? Well, in most cases it's because they stayed up too late partying or watching TV. But in a small percentage of cases, they could be suffering from a sleep disorder, er—a condition that interferes with a person's ability to sleep normally. There are many different kinds of sleep disorders but the three that I want to describe today are called sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and insomnia.

OK, the first disorder I listed is sleep apnea. That's A-P-N-E-A. People with sleep apnea stop breathing, sometimes for 10 seconds or longer. And not just once; it can happen several hundred times a night! Each time this happens, they wake up and go fight back to sleep, so their sleep is constantly interrupted, but in the morning they don't remember waking up. They just feel tired and sleepy. The usual symptoms are heavy breathing and snoring, combined with feeling tired all the time.

The second sleep disorder that I want m describe today is called narcolepsy. That's spelled N A-R-C-O-L-E-P-S-Y. Perhaps you' ve seen a movie in which people are sitting at a table, eating and talking, and suddenly one person just falls over; perhaps his face falls into his soup. It's funny in a movie, but in reality this could be a symptom of narcolepsy. Narcoleptic persons get sudden attacks of sleep, in the middle of the day, any time, any place. They can't control it; they simply fall asleep for brief periods of time. By the way, this disorder appears to be particularly frequent among students enrolled in 8 a.m. classes. But seriously, narcolepsy can be quite scary.

Sleep apnea and narcolepsy are serious problems, but they are rare conditions. In contrast, the third sleep disorder I want to discuss, insomnia, is quite common. Insomnia means difficulty either falling asleep or staying asleep. Almost everybody has insomnia once in a while. But I want to talk about chronic insomnia, which is when sleeping becomes difficult for weeks, months, or years at a time. The cause could be either psychological or physical. Most often, it's psychological; that is, it's caused by stress—you know, worrying about problems at work or at home and so on. Or the cause could be physical such as too much caffeine or nicotine in the body. Both of these chemicals are stimulants that can keep you from sleeping.

So, in summary, the thing I want you to remember is that everyone suffers from occasional sleeping problems, but a large number of people suffer from serious sleep disorders such as insomnia, apnea, and narcolepsy. As you've heard, these disorders have distinct symptoms, causes and treatment. Thanks to a lot of research in this area in the last few decades, doctors are now able to send patients to special sleep disorder clinics for specialized treatment. Since human beings spend one third of our lives sleeping, we should all be glad that medical science is now able to help people with sleeping problems.

Questions:

16.What is the talk mainly about?

17.Which of the following statements is true about apnea?

18.What is a symptom of narcolepsy?

19.What is the definition of insomnia?

20.Which of the following statements is true about sleep disorders?

(36)

A．why do people fall asleep

B．three kinds of sleep disorders

C．the treatment for sleep disorders

D．staying up too late can be harmful

听力原文： So, is everyone awake? I guess that's a good question at the start of an early-morning lecture about sleep. About 30% of adults say they frequently don't feel rested when they wake up in the morning. And why is that? Why, in most cases it is because they stayed up too late partying or watching TV. But in a small percentage of cases, they could be suffering from a sleep disorder, er— a condition that interferes with a person's ability to sleep normally. There are many different kinds of sleep disorders but the three I want to describe today are called sleep apnea, narcolepsy and insomnia.

OK, the first disorder I list is sleep apnea. That's A-P-N-E-A. People with sleep apnea stop breathing, sometimes for 10 seconds or longer. And not just once; it can happen several hundred times a night! Each time this happens, they wake up and go right back to sleep, so their sleep is constantly interrupted, but in the morning, they don't remember waking up. They just feel tired and sleepy. The usual symptoms are heavy breathing and snoring, combined with feeling tired all the time.

The second sleep disorder I want to describe today is called narcolepsy. That's spelled N-A-R- C-O-L-E-P-S-Y. Perhaps you've seen a movie in which people are sitting at a table, eating and talking, and suddenly one person just falls over; perhaps his face falls into his soup. It's funny in a movie, but in reality this could be a symptom of narcolepsy. Narcoleptic persons get sudden attacks of sleep, in the middle of the day, any time, any place. They can't control it; they simply fall asleep for brief periods of time. By the way, this disorder appears to be particularly frequent among students enrolled in 8 a.m. classes. But seriously, narcolepsy can be quite scary.

Sleep apnea and narcolepsy are serious problems, hut they are rare conditions. In contrast, the third disorder I want to discuss, insomnia, is quite common. Insomnia means difficulty either falling asleep or staying asleep. Almost everybody has insomnia once in a while. But I want to talk about chronic insomnia, which is when sleeping becomes difficult for weeks, months, or years at a time. The cause could be either psychological or physical. Most often, it's psychological; that is, it's caused by stress—you know, worrying about problems at work or at home and so on. Or the cause could be physical such as too much caffeine or nicotine in the body. Both of these chemicals are stimulants that can keep you from sleeping.

So, in summary, the thing I want you to remember is that everyone suffers from occasional sleeping problems, but a large number of people suffer from serious sleep disorders such as insomnia, apnea, and narcolepsy. As you've heard, these disorders have distinct symptoms, causes and treatment. Thanks to a lot of research in this area in the last few decades, doctors are now about to send patients to special sleep disorder clinics for specialized treatment. Since human beings spend one third of our lives sleeping, we should all be glad that medical science is now able to help people with sleeping problems.

Questions：

16. What is the talk mainly about?

17.Which of the following statements is TRUE about apnea?

18.What is the symptom of narcolepsy?

19.What is the definition of insomnia?

20.Which of the following statements is TRUE about sleep disorders?

(36)

A．Why do people fall asleep?

B．Three kinds of sleep disorders.

C．The treatment for sleep disorders.

D．Staying up too late can be harmful.

Everyone has got two personalities-the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake. Because you can control yourself. But when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people often change their position. The important position is the one you go to sleep in.

If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You usually believe people and you accept new things or new ideas easily. You don't like to make people sad, so you never express your real feeling. You're quite shy.

If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you always easily become sad. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.

If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself. You're shy and don't like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.

If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You don't often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes other people unhappy.

When do you show your secret personality?

A．When you are awake.

B．When you fall into deep sleep.

C．The moment you go to sleep.

D．when you lie in bed.

Everyone has got two personalities-the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control your behavior, but when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.

If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don't like to displease people, so you never express your real feelings. You're quite shy and you aren't quite sure of yourself.

If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions and judgements, but you don't raise your hopes too much. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.

If you sleep curled up you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive. You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.

If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don't often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.

According to the passage, a person who is not willing to change his mind and hard to deal with, probably sleeps ______.

A．on his side

B．on his back

C．curled up

D．on his stomach

A．a condition that interferes with a person's ability to sleep normally

B．stopping breathing for short periods

C．difficulty either falling asleep or staying asleep

D．sudden attacks of deep sleep

A．A condition that interferes with a person's ability to sleep normally.

B．Stopping breathing for short periods.

C．Difficulty in either falling asleep or staying asleep.

D．Sudden attacks of deep sleep.

听力原文： In the past twenty years, scientists have learnt a great deal about sleep and dreams. They have discovered, for example, that sleep and dreams affect the way people feel. A good night sleep, generally, makes a person happier in the morning.

Dreams also have a strong effect on the moods of people. However, who appears in a dream is more important than what happens.

Every person has a special dream character. If the special character appears in dreams, people are happier after sleeping. If there are many people in ones dreams, this has a good effect. A person will wake up happier.

The moods of people affect their performance throughout the day. The level of ones moods rises and falls during the day. The less sleepy the people are, the better they perform, and usually they are more friendly, more aggressive, and more clear thinking.

Some day scientists hope to manipulate sleep in order to control the way people feel and perform.

What is the main topic of the passage?

A．Moods of people.

B．Sleep and dreams.

C．Effect of sleep and dreams.

D．How to manipulate dreams.

SECTION B PASSAGES

Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： In the past 20 years, scientists have learned a great deal about sleep and dreams. They have discovered, for example, that sleep and dreams affect the way people feel. A good night's sleep, generally, makes a person happier in the morning.

Dreams also have a strong effect on the moods of people. However, who appears in a dream is more important than what happens. Every person has a special dream character. If this special character appears in dreams, people are happier after sleeping. If there are many people in one's dreams, this has a good effect. A person will wake up happier.

The moods of people affect their performance throughout the day. The level of one's moods rises and fails during the day. The less sleepy people are, the better they perform. And, usually they are more friendly, more aggressive, and more clear- thinking. Someday, scientists hope to be able to manipulate sleep in order to control the way people feel and perform.

What is the passage mainly about?

A．Sleep and dreams.

B．The importance of dreams.

C．The amount of dreams.

D．Moods and attitudes.