“Pass sentence” means a judge decides that the defendant is innocent so the punishment like imprisonment can be passed or avoided.

Drivers on the Basingstoke by-pass used to have their attention diverted by a sign that read-A MOMENT'S INATTENTION CAUSES ACCIDENTS. This self-defeating warning has now been removed but its message is still very much to the point. Almost anything can cause an accident. Apart from momentary inattention, it might be a minor miscalculation. Although human error plays its part, it is by no means the only cause of accidents. There must be some causes other than simple human error. Road construction also plays its part. It is on those roads where there arc subtle visual traps. Wherever there is a "black spot", it means that something is seriously wrong with the road.

If you have been involved in an accident and have been stopped, you must give your name, address, and registration number to anyone who has a good reason for requesting it; this means anyone affected by the accidents. If somebody is injured, the driver must produce his insurance certificate on request. If these formalities are complied with it is not necessary to wait for the arrival of the police. It is, however, often wise to do so. The police are expert at drawing plans, taking measurements and photographs and gathering other evidence. In your absence the police could be given a biased story against you; and you yourself might want to point out certain features of the accident to the police.

A MOMENT'S INATTENTION CAUSES ACCIDENTS is a self-defeating warning because______.

A．it is not tree

B．it will distract the driver's attention

C．it is too difficult to understand

D．it is too long to be read while driving a car

听力原文： New York City

The United States National Weather Service says that the huge winter storm has dumped some 68.3 centimeters of snow in Central Park, making it the worst blizzard to hit New York City since records began in 1869. To add to the problems facing the entire north-eastern seaboard, winds across the region have been gusting at up to 96 kilometers an hour, causing serious localized drifting. The road network in many places then is impassable. Most of the airports in the region have been closed, with hundreds of flights cancelled.

Nuremberg

The soccer competition between the world's two biggest sports apparel, Nike and Adidas, is getting increasingly intense. Nike, a relative newcomer to soccer, is gunning for the German company, whose name is practically synonymous with the game. For Nike, soccer has become the Holy Grail. Nike is bigger than Adidas, but as Nike sees it, to truly be the number one sport brand in the world, you have to be the number one in the world's most popular sport. On the other hand, the spokesman of Adidas says that Adidas is number one in soccer, always has been, always will be.

Manila

Rescuers in central Philippines are working through the night, scrambling to find survivors of today's deadly mudslides. At least 15 bodies have been found, but more than a thousand villagers are still missing. Leyte Governor said trees were sliding down upright with the mud. The landslide followed two weeks of non-stop rain. One survivor told Manila Radio Station that it sounded like the mountain exploded. Southern Leyte has been devastated by natural disasters before. In 1991, more than 5,000 people were killed by floods and landslides triggered by a tropical storm.

New York City

U. N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has asked Western nations to spend 10 to 12 billion US dollars to fight AIDS. The request came at a special session of the U. N. General Assembly on AIDS. The first U. N. session on AIDS four years ago led to the creation of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Since then, the fund has helped improve the health of millions of people in developing countries. But the Global Fund now faces questions of whether it can ever thrive under constant pressure to prove to donors that it's working.

Washington

A company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates that's set to take over some operations at six US ports has agreed to undergo an intensive security review. The move is aimed at defusing a fire storm on Capitol Hill. Critics from both Parties have been discussing legislation to block the deal allowing Dubai Ports World to buy a British company that operates terminals at ports including New York and Miami. But DPW has issued a statement asking for a full 45-day investigation from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, even though the deal had already been approved by the Federal Government. Now some lawmakers say they are ready to hold off on voting to stymie the plan.

Questions:

6. What has caused great damage in New York City?

7.Which of the following is NOT true about sports apparel companies?

8.How many bodies have been found in the deadly mudslide in Philippine?

9.What has the U. N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asked Western nations to do?

10.Why does DPW agree to undergo an intensive security review from the Committee on Foreign Investment?

(26)

A．Blizzard.

B．Airplane crash.

C．Heavy rain.

D．Tsunami.

听力原文：New York City: The United States National Weather Service says that the huge winter storm has dumped some 68.3 centimeters of snow in Central Park, making it the worst blizzard to hit New York City since records began in 1869. To add to the problems facing the entire north-eastern seaboard, winds across the region have been gusting at up to 96 kilometers an hour, causing serious localized drifting. The road network in many places then is impassable. Most of the airports in the region have been closed, with hundreds of flights cancelled.

Nuremberg: The soccer competition between the world's two biggest sports apparel, Nike and Adidas, is getting increasingly intense. Nike, a relative newcomer to soccer, is gunning for the Germany company, whose name is practically synonymous with the game. For Nike, soccer has become the Holy Grail. Nike is bigger than Adidas, but as Nike sees it, to truly be the number one sport brand in the world, you have to be the number one in the world's most popular sport. On the other hand, the spokesman of Adidas says that Adidas is number one in soccer, always has been, always will be.

Manila: Rescuers in central Philippines are working through the night, scrambling to find survivors of today's deadly mudslides. At least 15 bodies have been found, but more than a thousand villagers are still missing. Leyte Governor said trees were sliding down upright with the mud. The landslide followed two weeks of non-step rain. One survivor told Manila Radio Station that it sounded like the mountain exploded. Southern Leyte has been devastated by natural disasters before. In 1991, more than 5,000 people were killed by floods and landslides triggered by a tropical storm.

New York City: U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan has asked Western nations to spend l0 to 12 billion US dollars to fight AIDS. The request came at a special session of the UN General Assembly on AIDS. The first U.N. session on AIDS four years ago led to the creation of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Since then, the fund has helped improve the health of millions of people in developing countries. But the Global Fund now faces questions of whether it can ever thrive under constant pressure to prove to donors that it's working.

Washington: A company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates that's set to take over some operations at six US ports has agreed to undergo an intensive security review. The move is aimed at defusing a fire storm on Capitol Hill. Critics from both Parties have been discussing legislation to block the deal allowing Dubai Ports World to buy a British company that operates terminals at ports including New York and Miami. But DPW has issued a statement asking for a full 45-day investigation from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, even though the deal had already been approved by the Federal Government. Now some lawmakers say they are ready to hold off on voting to stymie the plan.

Questions:

6.What has caused great damage in New York City?

7.Which of the following is not true about sports apparel companies?

8.How many bodies have been found in the deadly mudslide in Philippine?

9.What has the U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan asked Western nations to do?

10.Why does DPW agree to undergo an intensive security review from the Committee on Foreign Investment?

(26)

A．Blizzard.

B．Airplane crash.

C．Heavy rain.

D．Tsunami.

"Cost and Freight" means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment.(  )

Decide where the paragraph should be divided into two paragraphs. Because the Internet makes the world a smaller place, the value of having a common language is greatly increased. The question is, which language? Because the Internet grew up in the United States, the largest percentage of its content is now in English. Bill Gates, Microsoft’s president, believes that English will remain valuable for a long time as a common language for International communication. His company spends $200 million a year translating software into other languages. He says, “Unless you read English passably well, you miss out on some of the Internet experience.” 【A】Someday, software may be available to instantly translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common language could decline. 【B】That day is decades away, however, because flawless machine translation is a very tough problem. 【C】Computer spelling checkers also exist for various languages. Software that does crude translations already exists. 【D】It is useful if all you are trying to do is understand the general idea of something you see on your computer screen. However, if you are trying to negotiate a contract or discuss a scientific subject where details are important, machine translation is totally useless.

A、【A】

B、【B】

C、【C】

D、【D】

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

A problem more specific to schools themselves is pervasive student passivity—a lack of active participation in learning. This problem is commonly found in both public and private schools and all grade levels.

Many students do not perceive the opportunities provided by schooling as a privilege, but rather as a series of hurdles that are mechanically cleared in pursuit of credentials (文凭) that may open doors later in life. Students are bored and much of the pervasive passivity of American students is caused by the educational system.

During this century, expanding state and federal governments favored large regional schools as more efficient means of supervising educational curricula and ensuring uniformity. Schools today, therefore, reflect the high level of bureaucratic organization found throughout American society. Such rigid and impersonal organization can negatively affect administrators, teachers, and students, and this bureaucratic educational system fosters five serious problems.

First, bureaucratic uniformity ignores the cultural variation within count less local communities. It takes schools out of the local community and places them under the control of outside "specialists" who may have little under standing of the everyday lives of students.

Second, bureaucratic schools define success by numerical ratings of performance. School officials focus on attendance rates, dropout rates, and achievement scores. They overlook dimensions of schooling that are difficult to quantify, such as the creativity of students and energy and enthusiasm of teachers. Such bureaucratic school systems tend to define an adequate education in terms of the number of days per year that students are inside a school building rather than the school's contribution to students' personal development.

Third, bureaucratic schools have rigid expectations of all students. For example, fifteen-year-olds are expected to be in the tenth grade, eleven-grade students are expected to score at a certain level on a standardized verbal achievement test. The high school diploma thus rewards a student for going through the proper sequence of educational activities in the proper amount of time. Rarely are exceptionally bright and motivated students allowed to graduate early. Likewise, the system demands that students who have learned little in school graduate with their class.

Fourth, the school's bureaucratic division of labor requires specialized personnel. High-school students learn English from one teacher, receive guidance from another, and are coached in sports by others. No school official comes to know the "full" student as a complex human being. Students experience this division of labor as a continual shuffling among rigidly divided fifty-minute period throughout the school day.

Fifth, the highly bureaucratic school system gives students little responsibility for their own learning. Similarly, teachers have little latitude in what and how they teach their classes; they dare not accelerate learning for fear of disrupting "the system." Standardized policies dictating what is to be taught and how long the teaching should be taken render teachers as passive and un- imaginative as their students.

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of this passage?

A．Most American students today are lacking in readiness for active participation in learning.

B．The prevalent passivity of American students has much to do with the existing educational system.

C．The bureaucratic structure of American schools has negatively affected administrators, teachers, and students.

D．The solution to the problem of student passivity lies in humanizing schools.

Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are together—the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that,

Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. To those with high blood pressure, the, movement of the train might produce apoplexy. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing: of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.

The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic press. This kind of thing: "A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into."

A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and-third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.

All boys and girls in large families know that ______.

A．a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together

B．railway leads the world to peace

C．people tend to be together more than they used to be

D．a lot of people being together makes fights likely

Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are together—the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.

Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs(黏膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.

The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic press. This kind of thing: "A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into".

A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.

All boys and girls in large families know that ______.

A．a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together

B．people tend to be together more than they used to be

C．a lot of people being together makes fights likely

D．railway leads the world to peace

The jury returned a verdict of guilty,and the judge will pass sentence next week.

By stating that the theories are "mutually exclusive" the author means that

READ THE PASSAG

E. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. GIVE YOURSELF 20 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS PRACTICE SET. THE ORIGIN OF THE PACIFIC ISLAND PEOPLE THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN

D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000. SPECULATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THESE PACIFIC ISLANDERS BEGAN AS SOON AS OUTSIDERS ENCOUNTERED THEM; IN THE ABSENCE OF SOLID LINGUISTIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DATA, MANY FANCIFUL AND MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE THEORIES WERE DEVISE

D. PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE VARIOUSLY THOUGHT TO HAVE COME FROM NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND INDIA, AS WELL AS SOUTHEAST ASIA. MANY OLDER THEORIES IMPLICITLY DEPRECATED THE NAVIGATIONAL ABILITIES AND OVERALL CULTURAL CREATIVITY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS. FOR EXAMPLE, BRITISH ANTHROPOLOGISTS

G. ELLIOT SMITH AND W.

J. PERRY ASSUMED THAT ONLY EGYPTIANS WOULD HAVE BEEN SKILLED ENOUGH TO NAVIGATE AND COLONIZE THE PACIFI

C. THEY INFERRED THAT THE EGYPTIANS EVEN CROSSED THE PACIFIC TO FOUND THE GREAT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE NEW WORLD(NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA). IN 1947 NORWEGIAN ADVENTURER THOR HEYERDAHL DRIFTED ON A BALSA-LOG RAFT WESTWARD WITH THE WINDS AND CURRENTS ACROSS THE PACIFIC FROM SOUTH AMERICA TO PROVE HIS THEORY THAT PACIFIC ISLANDERS WERE NATIVE AMERICANS(ALSO CALLED AMERICAN INDIANS). LATER HEYERDAHL SUGGESTED THAT THE PACIFIC WAS PEOPLED BY THREE MIGRATIONS: BY NATIVE AMERICANS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST OF NORTH AMERICA DRIFTING TO HAWAII, BY PERUVIANS DRIFTING TO EASTER ISLAND, AND BY MELANESIANS. IN 1969 HE CROSSED THE ATLANTIC IN AN EGYPTIAN-STYLE. REED BOAT TO PROVE EGYPTIAN INFLUENCES IN THE AMERICAS. CONTRARY TO THESE THEORISTS, THE OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, LINGUISTICS, AND ARCHAEOLOGY SHOWS THAT THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS CAME FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA AND WERE SKILLED ENOUGH AS NAVIGATORS TO SAIL AGAINST THE PREVAILING WINDS AND CURRENTS. THE BASIC CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COLONIZATION OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS INCLUDE THE APPROPRIATE BOAT-BUILDING, SAILING, AND NAVIGATION SKILLS TO GET TO THE ISLANDS IN THE FIRST PLACE; DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND GARDENING SKILLS SUITED TO OFTEN MARGINAL CONDITIONS; AND A VARIED INVENTORY OF FISHING IMPLEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES. IT IS NOW GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT THESE PREREQUISITES ORIGINATED WITH PEOPLES SPEAKING AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES(A GROUP OF SEVERAL HUNDRED RELATED LANGUAGES)AND BEGAN TO EMERGE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BY ABOUT 5000

B.

C.

E. THE CULTURE OF THAT TIME, BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION, IS ASSUMED TO HAVE HAD A BROAD INVENTORY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS INCLUDING TARO, YAMS, BANANA, SUGARCANE, BREADFRUIT, COCONUT, SAGO, AND RIC

E. JUST AS IMPORTANT, THE CULTURE ALSO POSSESSED THE BASIC FOUNDATION FOR AN EFFECTIVE MARITIME ADAPTATION, INCLUDING OUTRIGGER CANOES AND A VARIETY OF FISHING TECHNIQUES THAT COULD BE EFFECTIVE FOR OVERSEAS VOYAGIN

G. CONTRARY TO THE ARGUMENTS OF SOME THAT MUCH OF THE PACIFIC WAS SETTLED BY POLYNESIANS ACCIDENTALLY MAROONED AFTER BEING LOST AND ADRIFT, IT SEEMS REASONABLE THAT THIS FEAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY DELIBERATE COLONIZATION EXPEDITIONS THAT SET OUT FULLY STOCKED WITH FOOD AND DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND ANIMALS. DETAILED STUDIES OF THE WINDS AND CURRENTS USING COMPUTER SIMULATIONS SUGGEST THAT DRIFTING CANOES WOULD HAVE BEEN A MOST UNLIKELY MEANS OF COLONIZING THE PACIFI

C. THESE EXPEDITIONS WERE LIKELY DRIVEN BY POPULATION GROWTH AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS ON THE HOME ISLANDS, AS WELL AS THE CHALLENGE AND EXCITEMENT OF EXPLORING UNKNOWN WATERS. BECAUSE ALL POLYNESIANS, MICRONESIANS, AND MANY MELANESIANS SPEAK AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES AND GROW CROPS DERIVED FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA, ALL THESE PEOPLES MOST CERTAINLY DERIVED FROM THAT REGION AND NOT THE NEW WORLD OR ELSEWHER

E. THE UNDISPUTED PRE-COLUMBIAN PRESENCE IN OCEANIA OF THE SWEET POTATO, WHICH IS A NEW WORLD DOMESTICATE, HAS SOMETIMES BEEN USED TO SUPPORT HEYERDAHL"S "AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE PACIFIC" THEORIES. HOWEVER, THIS IS ONE PLANT OUT OF A LONG LIST OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN DOMESTICATES. AS PATRICK KIRCH, AN AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, POINTS OUT, RATHER THAN BEING BROUGHT BY RAFTING SOUTH AMERICANS, SWEET POTATOES MIGHT JUST HAVE EASILY BEEN BROUGHT BACK BY RETURNING POLYNESIAN NAVIGATORS WHO COULD HAVE REACHED THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA. DIRECTIONS: NOW ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THE GREATER PACIFIC REGION, TRADITIONALLY CALLED OCEANIA, CONSISTS OF THREE CULTURAL AREAS: MELANESIA, MICRONESIA, AND POLYNESIA. MELANESIA, IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, CONTAINS THE LARGE ISLANDS OF NEW GUINEA, THE SOLOMONS, VANUATU, AND NEW CALEDONIA. MICRONESIA, THE AREA NORTH OF MELANESIA, CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF SMALL SCATTERED ISLANDS. POLYNESIA IS THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AREA IN THE GREAT TRIANGLE DEFINED BY HAWAII, EASTER ISLAND, AND NEW ZEALAN

D. BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS, THE ISLANDS IN THE TWO LARGEST CULTURAL AREAS, POLYNESIA AND MICRONESIA, TOGETHER CONTAINED A POPULATION ESTIMATED AT 700,000.