Complete the following sentences with the given words or expressions. Change the form wher

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Advertising sells its products by offering seductive promises of youth, beauty, health, money, ease, romance, better lifestyle, even time. There's no logical connection between a car and a cougar, but the image is powerful and presented with sophistication. We buy it and we may well buy the product.

When it comes to advertising, let the buyer beware. There are several less-than-candid techniques which advertisers use to get our attention. A product may be filmed or photographed in such a way to make it appear bigger, better, or more luscious. A product may be presented as being "unique", "one-of-a-kind", or "supreme", when in fact it's identical to other products on the market. A product may claim to be "new" or "improved" when only an insignificant change has been made.

Finally, an advertiser may offer distorted truths or even tell outright lies. It takes a while for the government or the competition to catch up with false claims in advertising. Meanwhile, the public has been led to believe that a mouth wash can cure the common cold, or that bee pollen retards aging in human skin.

The consumer's best defense is awareness. He can listen to, but not learn, the emotional message broadcast by the ad. He can distinguish between what the ad pretends to offer and what it is really selling. A face cream, for example, can only do so much. It can reduce dryness and provide temporary smoothness and moisture to the skin. But it is made in a factory, not in a magician's study. It cannot turn back the clock.

According to the author, many of the promises made by the advertiser are ______.

A．true

B．reliable

C．not true

D．emotive

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

At some point during their education, biology students are told about a conversation in a pub that took place over 50 years ago. J.B.S. Haldane, a British geneticist, was asked whether he would lay down his life for his country. After doing a quick calculation on the back of a napkin, he said he would do so for two brothers or eight cousins. In other words, he would die to protect the equivalent of his genetic contribution to the next generation.

The theory of kin selection—the idea that animals can pass on their genes by helping their close relatives—is biology's explanation for seemingly altruistic acts. An individual carrying genes that promote altruism might be expected to die younger than one with "selfish" genes, and thus to have a reduced contribution to the next generation's genetic pool But if the same individual acts altruistically to protect its relatives, genes for altruistic behavior. might nevertheless propagate.

Acts of apparent altruism to non-relatives can also be explained away, in what has become a cottage industry within biology. An animal might care for the offspring of another that it is unrelated to because it hopes to obtain the same benefits for itself later on (a phenomenon known as reciprocal altruism). The hunter who generously shares his spoils with others may be doing so in order to signal his superior status to females, and ultimately boost his breeding success. These apparently selfless acts are therefore disguised acts of self-interest.

All of these examples fit economists' arguments that Homo sapiens is also Homo economics—maximizing something that economists call utility, and biologists fitness. But there is a residuum of human activity that defies such explanations: people contribute to charities for the homeless, return lost wallets, do voluntary work and tip waiters in restaurants to which they do not plan to return. Both economic rationalism and natural selection offer few explanations for such random acts of kindness. Nor can they easily explain the opposite: spiteful behavior, when someone harms his own interest in order to damage that of another. But people are now trying to find answers.

When a new phenomenon is recognized by science, a name always helps. In a paper in Human Nature, Dr. Fehr and his colleagues argue for a behavioral propensity they call "strong reciprocity". This name is intended to distinguish it from reciprocal altruism. According to Dr. Fehr, a person is a strong reciprocator if he is willing to sacrifice resources to be kind to those who are being kind, and to punish those who are being unkind. Significantly, strong reciprocators will behave this way even if doing so provides no prospect of material rewards in the future.

The story of J.B.S. Haldane is mentioned in the text ______.

A．to honor his unusual altruistic acts.

B．to show how he contributed to the country.

C．to introduce the topic of human altruism.

D．to give an episode of his calculation abilities.

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

As summer approaches, there is good news and bad in our latest Insider Advantage poll. With terrorism in the back of our minds and a terrible economy in the front of it, only 17% of American adults say they plan to travel less this summer than in the past, 24% say they will travel more and the rest say nothing has changed this vacation season from past ones. That's the good news but the poll portends some bad news, too, indicating what might be a deep-seated problem in the United States today, harder to fathom than terrorist killers or empty wallets. The only age group that has more ambitious travel plans than ever is the 18—29 age group showing a 44 % jump in vacation plans over last year. That's hardly great news for the travel and hospitality industry, which desperately need bigger spenders on the road.

Beyond that, the wide disparity in travel plans among the younger and older says something about the just-out-of-college generation. Without impugning the work ethic of the many exceptions to the role, I think it's safe to say that anyone with experience with the younger end of the work force must have been taken aback by the unrealistic expectations of the young and the restless as they set out to make their fortunes. They all seem to expect a salary based on their personal needs, not on their company's professional ones. They want not only luxuries but also plenty of time to enjoy them.

Old people like me are all the same in our bitter grousing and of course there are loads of hard-working young doctors; lawyers, business-people and others who contribute to their own individual and our collective economic well-being but there seems to be many more who don't. The blame for their absurd sense of entitlement without personal sacrifice can most fairly be put on the shoulders of the generations that immediately precede them. This nation has changed its way of thinking about work and relaxation. What used to be a day's holiday has morphed into a long weekend that starts on Thursday and ends next Tuesday?

I find it unsurprising that young adults plan to travel more than ever this year, in spite of the hard times. They look to be following the road of less productivity in America, a road first mapped by their preceding elders, and now being paved by their offspring. It's good to see young people venturing forth to see the world they live in, after all, youth is a fleeting thing but let's just hope that when they finally return from their travels, they still have a job to pay for it.

According to the author, there is a trend______.

A．for people to travel more during hard times

B．for younger people to delay working by traveling first

C．for travelers to spend less

D．for younger travelers to be unrealistic as they travel

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Children start out as natural scientists, instinctively eager to investigate the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy—there is no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children's curiosity. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a career. The children asked me "textbook questions" about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering , we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, "Now that we've finished your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?

After a long period of pause, a boy raised his hand, "Have you ever seen a grasshopper eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?"

This caused a series of questions and discussions that lasted nearly two hours.

Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past three decades have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for a response, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their "wait time" to three seconds or more, children respond with more logical, complete and creative answers.

Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child engaged in a science discussion, don't jump in with "That's right" or "Very good". These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, "That's interesting" or " I'd never thought of it that way before," or coming up with more questions or ideas.

Never urge a child to think. It doesn't make sense, as children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so he will be a smaller target for your disapproval.

Lastly, show, don't tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can extract from a book or a television program. Let them look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass, and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. Thus, children will get a better comprehension of what they have observed.

To foster children's interest in science, the most important things for adults to do is ________.

A．to encourage them by saying "That's right" or "Very good" frequently

B．to share with the children what they are curious about

C．to explain difficult scientific terms for them patiently

D．to offer their children good lab devices and equipments

Mark your answers on your answer sheet.

41. She did her work _________her manager had instructed.

A. as

B. until

C. when

D. though

A．手机从购买之日起30天内我们接受退换。

B．手机在试用30天之后我们可允许退货。

C．我们同意30天内可以购买手机，退货或更换。

D．我们保证30天之内购买的手机，包退包换。

It used to be that people were proud to work for the same company for the whole of their working lives. They’d get a gold watch at the end of their productive years and a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty. But today’s rich capitalists have regressed (倒退) to the “survival of the fittest” ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to their stockholders but only to themselves. Instead of giving out gold watches worth a hundred or so dollars for forty or so years of word, they grab tens and even hundreds of millions of dollars as they sell for their own profit the company they may have been with for only a few years.

The new rich selfishly act on their own to unfairly grab the wealth that the country as a whole has produced. The top 1 percent of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95 percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed in downsizing and outsourcing (将产品包给分公司做) because these business maneuvers don’t act to created new jobs as the founder of new industries used to do, but only out jobs while keeping the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.

To keep the money machine working smoothly the rich have bought all the politicians from the top down. The president himself is constantly leaving Washington and the business at the nation because he is summoned to “fundraising dinners” where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way into government not through service but through donations of vast amounts of money. Once on the inside they have both political parties busily tearing up all the regulations that protect the rest of us from the greed of the rich.

The middle class used to be loyal to the free enterprise system. In the past, the people of the middle class mostly thought they’d be rich themselves someday or have a good shot at becoming rich. But nowadays income is being distributed more and more unevenly and corporate loyalty is a thing of the past. The middle class may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprise system altogether and the government which governs only the rest of us while letting the corporations do what they please with our jobs. As things stand, if somebody doesn’t wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized all the way to the bottom of society.

26. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that people used to place a high value on ________.

A) job security

B) bosses’ praise

C) corporate loyalty

D) retirement benefits

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

When the leaders of media, telecommunications, IT and Internet companies congregate, as they did recently in Davos, the talk is upbeat about new accomplishments but subdued about recent ordeals: the dotcom bubble; the telecoms crash; the music industry bust; the advertising downturn; the e-publishing revenue stagnation; the PC slowdown; the wireless saturation; the semiconductor slump; the newspaper recession; tile R&D retrenchment. And the question is, why do these predicaments sweep over the information sector so regularly?

The prevalence of these problems points to fundamental issues beyond a specific industry or short- term period. Instead, we need to recognize that the entire information sector — from music to newspapers to telecoms to Internet to semiconductors and anything in-between — has become subject to a gigantic market failure in slow motion. A market failure exists when market prices cannot reach a self-sustaining equilibrium. The market failure of the entire information sector is one of the fundamental trends of our time, with far-reaching long-term effects, and it is happening right in front of our eyes.

The basic structural reason for this problem is that information products are characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs. They are expensive to produce but cheap to reproduce and distribute, and therefore exhibit strong economies of scale with incentives to an over-supply. Second, more information products are continuously being offered to users. And information products and services are becoming more "commodified", open, and competitive.