10. IC is classified as verbal communication and nonverbal communication.

听力原文： If anyone asked you what were the main means of communication between people, what would you say? That isn't a catchy question. The answer is simple and obvious. It would almost certainly refer to means of communication that involve the use of words: speakers and listeners oral communication; writers and readers-written communication. And you'd be quite fight. There is, however, another form. of communication which we all use most of the time, usually without knowing it. This is sometimes called body language. It does not involve the use of words. Its more technical name is non-verbal communication, "NVC" for short.

When someone is saying something with which he agrees, the average European will smile and nod approval. On the other hand, if you disagree with what they are saying, you may frown and shake your head. In this way you signal your-reactions, and communicate them to the speaker without saying a word. Incidentally, I referred a moment ago to "the average European", because body language is very much tied to culture, and in order not to misunderstand, or not to be misunderstood, you must appreciate this. A smiling Chinese, for instance, may not be approving but acutely embarrassed.

Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC, which is obviously important, for instance, to managers who have to deal every day with their staff, and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions. Body language, or NVC signals, is sometimes categorized into five kinds: (1) body and facial gestures; (2) eye contact; (3) body contact or proximity; (4) clothing and physical appearance; and (5) the quality of speech. I expect you understand all those, except perhaps "proximity". This simply means "closeness". In some cultures-and I am sure this is a cultural feature and not an individual one--it is quite normal for people to stand close together, or to more or less thrust their faces into yours when they are talking to you. In other cultures this is disliked; Americans, for instance, talk about invasion of their space.

(30)

A．Words and phrases.

B．Culture.

C．Individuals.

D．Misunderstanding.

A、bilateral communication

B、unsuccessful communication

C、verbal communication

D、successful communication

There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateral communication and _________.

A. successful communication

B. verbal communication

C. bilateral communication

D. unsuccessful communication

Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about: space. Every person understands himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps onto someone, he feels obligated to apologize. But the size of a person's "comfort zone" depends on his cultural ethnic origin For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart. In other words, they like to keep each other "at arms length", people in Latin or Arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other, and touch each other often. If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation, the American may feel uncomfortable and back away.

When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. To Americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust, shock or sadness. People with a "poker face", whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn't look at you in the eye, American might say, you should question his motives—or assume that he doesn't like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring—especially at strangers—to be rude.

What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about ______.

A．classification of nonverbal communication

B．the reasons why people should think about space

C．the relationship between communication and space

D．some other cultural aspects of nonverbal communication

Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about: space. Every person perceives himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps onto someone, he feels obligated to apologize. But the size of a person's "comfort zone" depends on his cultural ethnic origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart. In other words, they like to keep each other "at arm's length", People in Latin or Arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other, and touch each other often. If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation, the American may feel uncomfortable and back away.

When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. To Americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust, shock or sadness. People with a "poker face ", whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn't look you in the eye, American might say, you should question his motives or assume that he doesn't like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring — especially at strangers — to be rude.

What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about?

A．Classification of nonverbal communication.

B．The reasons why people should think about space.

C．The relationship between communication and space.

D．Some other cultural aspects of nonverbal communication.

Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about: space. Every person perceives himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps into someone, he feels obligated to apologize. But the size era person's "comfort zone" depends on his cultural origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart, hi other words, they like to keep each other "at arm's length". People in Latin or Arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other, and touch each other often. (79) If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation the American may feel uncomfortable and back away.

When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. (80) To Americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust shock or sadness. People with a "poker face", whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn't look you in the eye, an American might say, you should question his motives or assume that he doesn't like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring—especially at strangers--to be rude.

The passage is mainly concerned with ______ .

A．classification of nonverbal communication

B．the reasons why people should think about space

C．the relationship between communication and space

D．cultural aspects of nonverbal communication