The key to reinforcement theory is that it ignores factors such as goals, expectations, and needs, and focuses solely on what happens to a person when he takes some action.

The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh fact of her greater success can be obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude. Where there are ranks, it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wife's.

A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields! "Practically never...in a working-class home, will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention, which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever—more so, indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my experience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if. merely because he was out of work, he developed in a 'Mary Ann'".

It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds, is an inescapably time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.

The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman's response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while pretending to give it to men.

What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and, more indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.

Paragraph One advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband to______.

A．work in the same sort of job as her husband

B．play down her success, making it sound unimportant

C．stress how much the family gains from her high salary

D．introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home

Concrete

Another thing to remember in connection with concrete is that you are not allowed very much leeway for errors in either measurements or location. Once you have a solid mass of concrete set in place, it is going to stay there. You have a difficult job ahead of you if you try to remedy a mistake. Make very sure, before you fill the form, that everything is where and how you want it.

There are numerous rules regarding the proper mixing handing, and finishing of concrete, but the essential one concerns the amount of water to use. The less water in the mix, the less the finished job will shrink. The less water used, the harder and more enduring the job after it has set.

The amateur concrete worker is plagued with two desires. One is to use enough Water to have the concrete nice and soft and easy to push around. You have been warned against that. The second is to take off the wooden forms too early, to see what the job looks like. That is really fatal. If the forms are stripped off too soon, while the concrete is still green, two things are likely to happen—you are almost sure to break off corners or edges, and you are likely to cause a major crack or defect in the body of the work. An excellent rule is to wait until you are sure the concrete is properly' hardened, and then wait another day before removing the forms.

The best title for this selection would be:________.

A．Concrete and Its Uses

B．Rules for Working with Concrete

C．Concrete, the Homeowner's Joy

D．Concrete, a Test of Character

【单选题】This is a/an ____________ abstract because _________________________________. This thesis examines quality assurance standards and practices for the development of software systems in a geographically distributed environment. This thesis will also identify the problems that distributed software engineering teams face when collaborating on a project. It will be shown that as a software project becomes distributed, the need to verify the quality of the software process increases. A special focus will also be given to the problems that affected the performance of the Quality Assurance Engineer (QAE) in such environment. This study found that the team must be kept informed of all the events surrounding quality assurance and one way to do this is by creating a repository, such as a web site, to store all quality assurance work. Thus, every member will have access to the QAE’s work throughout the software development process, potentially increasing the performance of the whole team.

A、informative, it presents purpose, result and conclusion of the study

B、descriptive, it presents only purpose, significance and method

C、informative, it presents only purpose, significance and method

D、descriptive, it presents purpose, result and conclusion of the study

1. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. 2. Since 1991, productivity has increased by 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. 3. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business circle, so is not conclusive evidence of an economic revival in the underlying trend. 4. There is a disjunction between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.

Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. Therefore, reinforcement is needed to resist the tensile stresses resulting from the loads. Additional reinforcement is occasionally used to reinforce the compression zone of concrete beam sections. Such steel is necessary for heavy loads in order to reduce long-term deflections. Reinforce concrete systems are composed of a variety of concrete structural elements that, when synthesized, produce a total system. The components can be broadly classified into: floor slabs, beams, columns, walls, and foundations. Beams are the structural elements that transmit the loads from floor slabs to vertical supporting columns. They are normally cast monolithically with the slabs and are structurally reinforced on one face, the lower tension side, or both the top and bottom faces.

Dear Sirs, We are pleased to announce that we intend to intensify our activities in your country. It is our serious and keen interest to realize such a development for our mutual benefit. We are a trading company involved in import and export business throughout the world. We belong to a group of companies established during the turn of 20th century. The attached statement will give you some more information which will surely be helpful to open business relations between us. Within the activities of the company we have recently established a new department under the management of Mr. *** who has long experience in the Far East Trade since 1993. This department is mainly interested in the import of products from your country especially in: native produce and animal by-products foodstuffs and chemical products raw materials and semi-finished products chemicals/pharmaceutical raw materials minerals and essential oils. However, we will be also active in export of chemicals and we invite your inquiries. We seriously hope that a voluminous and continuous business might be established and please rest assured that we are always doing our utmost to realize a good business relationship with you. We would be very pleased to be of service to you and hope to submit to you our inquiries soon. Yours faithfully,

One way that scientists learn about man is by studying animals, such as mice and monkeys.科学家了解人类的一种方法是研究如老鼠、猴子这样的动物。The scientists in this laboratory are

experimenting on mice. They are studying the relationship between diet and health. At this time, over one hundred experiments are being done in this laboratory.

In one of these experiments, the scientists are studying the relationship between the amount of food the mice eat and their health. The mice are in three groups. All three groups are receiving the same healthy diet. But the amount of food that each group is receiving is different. The first group is eating one cup of food each day, the second group is eating two cups, and the third group of mice is eating three cups.

After three years, the healthiest group is the one that is only eating one cup of food each day. The mice in this group are thinner than normal mice. But they are more active. Most of the day, they are running, playing with one another, and using the equipment in their cages. Also, they are living longer. Mice usually live for two years. Most of the mice in this group are still alive after three years.

The second group of mice is normal weight. They are healthy, too. They are active, but not as active as the thinner mice. But they are only living about two years, not the three years or more of the thinner mice.

The last group of mice is receiving more food than the other two groups. Most of the day, these mice are eating or sleeping. They are not very active. These mice are living longer than the scientists thought - about a year and a half. But they aren't as healthy. They're sick more often than the other two groups.

(1)、The scientists in the laboratory are studying the relationship between the amount of food and diet.

A：T

B：F

(2)、The first two groups are receiving the most food.

A：T

B：F

(3)、The first group is the thinnest because they do not have a healthy diet.

A：T

B：F

(4)、Normal mice usually live for two years.

A：T

B：F

(5)、The text tells us that people who eat less and exercise more will live longer.

A：T

B：F

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’

The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France？

A.Physical beauty would be redefined.

B.New runways would be constructed.

C.Websites about dieting would thrive.

D.The fashion industry would decline.

The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____A.heightening the value of.

B.indicating the state of.

C.losing faith in.

D.doing harm to.

Which of the following is true of the fashion industry？A.The French measures have already failed.

B.New standards are being set in Denmark.

C.Model are no longer under peer pressure.

D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.

Which of the following may be the best title of the text？A.The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

B.Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

C.A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

D.A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____A.setting a high age threshold for models.

B.caring too much about models’ character.

C.showing little concern for health factors.

D.pursuing perfect physical conditions.