Please select an expression to replace the underlined one. The first chapter sets out to explain the origins of modern science.

Every people has its own special words and expressions like the American expression "on the wagon". It means a per son who no longer drinks whisky, beer or other kinds of alcoholic drinks. The ' wagon' is a water wagon. In other words, a drinker has decided to change from alcohol to water. An Oklahoma newspaper wrote about a man who had a history of heavy drinking on America’s Fourth of July holiday. Said the newspaper, "We believed that his experience had lifted him onto the water wagon, but he was even drunker the next Fourth of July."

Why do people decide to go on the wagon? Well, usually because they are alcoholics. They lose control of themselves when they done. If they take one alcoholic drink, then they want to drink another, and another, until all thought is gone.

Alcoholism is a major social problem in countries throughout the world. The United States is no exception. Experts believe that several million Americans are alcoholics today. Their health care needs, car accidents, reduced job performance and other problems cost thousands of millions of dollars every year.

In the early 1900s, many Americans joined in a campaign to make alcohol illegal in the United States. In 1920 an a mendment was added to the Constitution. It made drinking or selling alcohol a crime. But the new law did not stop people from drinking. Criminals produced or imported alcohol illegally and sold it almost everywhere.

After a few years Americans realized the so-called Prohibition Law did not work. So in 1933 another constitutional change was made, canceling the amendment that made alcohol illegal.

In recent years Americans have taken other steps to deal with the problem of alcohol. One important action had been to increase the punishment for people who drive their automobiles after drinking alcohol. Many states now consider this to be a serious crime. Another important step has been to explain to children and students the dangers of alcohol. Many schools now offer special programmes to teach young people about the problem. Doctors have been working to develop new drugs and treatment programmes to help alcoholics. Finally, alcoholics themselves are dealing with the problem of alcoholism. Many of them have" gone on the wagon" and stopped drinking. They have joined the Alcoholics Anonymous group meeting regularly to discuss their problems and give each other support. "Going on the wagon" is not the only way to conquer alcoholism, but most alcoholic say it is the best way. They must give up alcohol completely so their own body and spirit can survive.

People decide to go on the wagon because ______.

A．they enjoy having one drink after another

B．they like the kind of drinks they get on the wagon

C．they are afraid of losing their self-control in drinking again

D．they are alcoholics and can not control themselves well

Every people has its own special words and expressions like the American expression "on the wagon". It means a person who no longer drinks whisky, beer or other kinds of alcoholic drinks. The 'wagon' is a water wagon. In other words, a drinker has decided to change from alcohol to water. An Oklahoma newspaper wrote about a man who had a history of heavy drinking on America’s Fourth of July holiday. Said the newspaper, "We believed that his experience had lifted him onto the water wagon, but he was even drunker the next Fourth of July."

Why do people decide to go on the wagon.'? Well, usually because they are alcoholics. They lose control of themselves when they drink. If they take one alcoholic drink, then they want to drink another, and another, until all thought is gone.

Alcoholism is a major social problem in countries throughout the world. The United States is no exception. Experts believe that several million Americans are alcoholics today. Their health care needs, car accidents, reduced job performance and other problems cost thousands of millions of dollars every year.

In the early 190Os, many Americans joined in a campaign to make alcohol illegal in the United States, In 1920 an amendment was added to the Constitution. It made drinking or selling alcohol a crime. But the new law did not stop people from drinking. Criminals produced or imported alcohol illegally and sold it almost everywhere.

After a few years Americans realized the so-called Prohibition Law did not work. So in 1933 another constitutional change was made, canceling the amendment that made alcohol illegal.

In recent years Americans have taken other steps to deal with the problem of alcohol. One important action had been to increase the punishment for people who drive their automobiles after drinking alcohol. Many states now consider this to be a serious crime. Another important step has been to explain to children and students the dangers of alcohol. Many schools now offer special programmes to teach young people about the problem. Doctors have been working to develop new drugs and treatment programmes to help alcoholics. Finally, alcoholics themselves are dealing with the problem of alcoholism. Many of them have" gone on the wagon" and stopped drinking. They have joined the Alcoholics Anonymous group meeting regularly to discuss their problems and give each other support. "Going on the wagon" is not the only way to conquer alcoholism, but most alcoholic say it is the best way. They must give up alcohol completely so their own body and spirit can survive.

People decide to go on the wagon because ________.

A．they enjoy having one drink after another

B．they like the kind of drinks they get on the wagon

C．they are afraid of losing their self-control in drinking again

D．they are alcoholics and can not control themselves well

In C language, the increment and decrement____can only be applied to variables, so an expression like x=(i+j)++is illegal.

  A．operation  B．operate  C．operator  D．operand

Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, influencing one's outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That's great if your mood is a pleasant one, but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or simply lonely.

Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out; sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern pharmacology (药物学) offers a lot of tranquilizers (镇静剂) , antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs. What many people don't realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to make you free from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being non-poisonous. So next time you feel out of sorts, don't head for the drugstore, try the following approach.

Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, aerobic(增氧简体的) exercise seems to be the most efficient cure for a bad mood. "If you could keep the exercise, you'd be in high spirits. " says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty.

Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compared favorably to drugs as a mood-raiser. Physical exertion such as housework, however, does little. The key is aerobic exercise—running, cycling, walking, swimming or other repetitive and tamed activities that boost the heart rate, increase circulation(血液循环) and improve the body's utilization(利用) of oxygen. Do them for at least twenty minutes a session, three or five times a week.

What is the main subject of the passage?

A．How to beat a bad mood.

B．How to do physical exercise.

C．How to talk bad moods out.

D．How to get involved in aerobic exercise.

It is not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. “Built-in obsolescence” provide the means: goods are made to be discarded. Cars get thinner and thinner. You no sooner acquire this year's model than you are thinking about its replacement.

  This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere: i.e. to a bigger wage pocket. The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind of have led to the “brain drain”, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the higher bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.

A Would you please give me some money, Dad? B: The weather is so fine. The conversation violates the maxim of

A．relation.

B．quality.

C．quantity.

D．manner.