In petroleum marine and meteorological field, the application of solar energy can be used in

Kuwait, a small country in the Persian Gulf, is ______ in petroleum deposits.

A．adequate

B．sufficient

C．accumulative

D．abundant

A、sufficient

B、abundant

C、boundary

D、laden

Daily changes in the weather affect all of us, no matter what our job or profession. However,【B1】there's very little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect. For this we are indebted(感激的) to our【B2】weather-watchers.

Although it may sound funny to call scientists weather-watchers, there's【B3】funny about what they do. Specifically, weather-watchers are meteorologists(气象学者)【B4】work for the United States Weather Bureau. They study the ocean of【B5】that surrounds the earth and, with the information they get, predict our weather.

The atmosphere【B6】in height from 300 to 700 miles above the earth and is divided into a series of layers or shells. The layer that is most interesting【B7】the meteorologist is the troposphere(对流层) or the layer closest to the earth.【B8】is in the troposphere that all our weather is formed.

【B9】causes our weather is really a very simple process. Endless streams of hot air push up from the earth. As they rise, they are【B10】by the freezing temperatures of the【B11】troposphere. Once it has become cold and heavy, the air【B12】back toward the earth, but it【B13】move down because of the rising hot air. In the meantime, planetary winds, which blow around the earth, or air currents keep both the cold air mass as well as the hot air mass in【B14】.

There are two additional factors that influence these moving air masses.【B15】is water vapor that the rising hot air soaks up like a sponge. The other is temperature Which, by cooling the hot air, forces it to【B16】out its water vapor in the form. of rain, snow, or sleet(雨夹雪).

These air masses【B17】push against each other with tremendous pressure. When a high-pressure mass of air succeeds【B18】pushing out a low-pressure air mass, we have clearing conditions and【B19】weather. When a low-pressure air mass forces out a high-pressure mass of air, stormy weather can be【B20】.

【B1】

A．when

B．as

C．while

D．if

根据以下资料，回答下列各题： Early this week a bit of cheery news was reported by the Manhattan Institute，a conservative think tank：black segregation has hit its lowest point in more than a century—declining in all 85 0f the nation’S largest metropolitan areas．Nevertheless，the report is largely celebratory in tone，and it has been received in that fashion by much of the news media．Before we break out the champagne，however，it may be wise to pause and reflect for a moment on who was excluded from the analysis． Our nation’s prison population has more than quintupled(soaring from 300，000 in the mid．1970s to more than 2 million today)，due to a“get tough”movement and a war on drugs that has been waged almost exclusively in poor communities of color． Studies have consistently shown that people of color are no more likely to use or sell illegal drugs than whites，but a fierce drug war has been waged nonetheless，and harsh mandatory minimum sentences passed，leading to a prison—building boom unprecedented in world history．Despite this sea change，prisoners continue to be treated as nonentities in much sociological and economic analysis． In the Manhattan Institute study，prisoners are not even mentioned，despite the fact that millions of poor people--——0verwhelmingly people of color —are removed from their communities and held in prisons，often hundreds of miles from home．Most new prison construction has occurred in predominately white，rural communities，and thus a new form. of segregation has emerged in recent years．Bars and walls keep hundreds of thousands away from mainstream society—a forE of apartheid unlike the world has even seen．If all of them suddenly returned，they would not be evenly throughout the nation’s population．Instead they would return to a relatively small number of communities defined by race and class，greatly intensifying the levels of segregation we see today． Those who imagine that the failure to account for prisoners can’t possibly affect the analysis would be wise to consider the distortion of unemployment figures in recent years． According to Harvard professor Bruce Western， standard unemployment figures underestimate the true jobless rate by as much as 24 percentage points for less educated black men．In fact．during the l990s——the economic—boom years——noncollege black men were the only group that experienced a sharp increase in unemployment，a development directly traceable to the sudden explosion of the prison population． At the same time that unemployment rates were sinking to record low levels for the general population，the true jobless rate among noncollege black men soared to a staggering 42％ Prisoners do matter when analyzing the severity of racial inequality in the U．S．Yet because they are out of sight and out of mind，it is easy to imagine that we are making far more racial progress than we actually are．For now，let’s keep the cork in the bottle and pray that we will eventually awaken from our color—blind slumber to the persistent realities of race in America． The news media’s response toward the research results announced by the Manhattan Institute is______．

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.suspicious

根据以下资料，回答下列各题： Early this week a bit of cheery news was reported by the Manhattan Institute，a conservative think tank：black segregation has hit its lowest point in more than a century—declining in all 85 0f the nation’S largest metropolitan areas．Nevertheless，the report is largely celebratory in tone，and it has been received in that fashion by much of the news media．Before we break out the champagne，however，it may be wise to pause and reflect for a moment on who was excluded from the analysis． Our nation’s prison population has more than quintupled(soaring from 300，000 in the mid．1970s to more than 2 million today)，due to a“get tough”movement and a war on drugs that has been waged almost exclusively in poor communities of color． Studies have consistently shown that people of color are no more likely to use or sell illegal drugs than whites，but a fierce drug war has been waged nonetheless，and harsh mandatory minimum sentences passed，leading to a prison—building boom unprecedented in world history．Despite this sea change，prisoners continue to be treated as nonentities in much sociological and economic analysis． In the Manhattan Institute study，prisoners are not even mentioned，despite the fact that millions of poor people--——0verwhelmingly people of color —are removed from their communities and held in prisons，often hundreds of miles from home．Most new prison construction has occurred in predominately white，rural communities，and thus a new form. of segregation has emerged in recent years．Bars and walls keep hundreds of thousands away from mainstream society—a forE of apartheid unlike the world has even seen．If all of them suddenly returned，they would not be evenly throughout the nation’s population．Instead they would return to a relatively small number of communities defined by race and class，greatly intensifying the levels of segregation we see today． Those who imagine that the failure to account for prisoners can’t possibly affect the analysis would be wise to consider the distortion of unemployment figures in recent years． According to Harvard professor Bruce Western， standard unemployment figures underestimate the true jobless rate by as much as 24 percentage points for less educated black men．In fact．during the l990s——the economic—boom years——noncollege black men were the only group that experienced a sharp increase in unemployment，a development directly traceable to the sudden explosion of the prison population． At the same time that unemployment rates were sinking to record low levels for the general population，the true jobless rate among noncollege black men soared to a staggering 42％ Prisoners do matter when analyzing the severity of racial inequality in the U．S．Yet because they are out of sight and out of mind，it is easy to imagine that we are making far more racial progress than we actually are．For now，let’s keep the cork in the bottle and pray that we will eventually awaken from our color—blind slumber to the persistent realities of race in America． The news media’s response toward the research results announced by the Manhattan Institute is______．

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.suspicious

For more than 10 years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into, vandalized (破坏) or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offences with no signs that the trend is slowing down.

Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist. Amateur thieves are aided by our carelessness. When the Automobile Association (AA) engineers surveyed one town centre car park last year, 10 percent of cars checked were unlocked, a figure backed up by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked.

The vehicles are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The AA has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average of three minutes and sometimes much longer as drivers buy drinks, cigarettes and other consumer items and then pay at the counter. With payment by credit card more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car as long as six minutes providing the car thief with a golden opportunity.

In an exclusive AA survey, carried out at a busy garage on a main road out of London, 300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period. 24 percent admitted that they "always" or "sometimes" leave the keys in the car. This means that nationwide, a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief.

The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car--and for however short a period. A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.

Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminal. A Manchester probationary (假释期) service research project, which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat. Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car. If you have a garage, use it and lock it--a garaged car is at substantially less risk.

There are many other traps to avoid. The Home Office has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights just the places thieves love. The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around m thieves do not like audiences.

The passage seems to imply that payment by credit card ______

A．is preferable for safe parking

B．is now a common practice

C．takes longer than necessary

D．aids a car thief in a way

根据以下材料，回答题

Car Crime

1、 A million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day.The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The Automobile Association（AA）has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and sometimes longer as drivers buy drinks，sweets，cigarettes and other consumer items.With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common，it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes，providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.

2、 For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crimes. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down.

3、 Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft， almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists. Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness. The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period. A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.

4、 There are many other traps to avoid. The AA has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots-just the places thieves" love. The AA advises，drives to park in places with people around-thieves don"t like audiences.

Paragraph 1 查看材料

A.Safe parking

B.Increase in car theft

C.Opportunities for non-professionals

D.Anti-theft organizations

E.Drivers" earelessness:a factor in promoting ear stealing

F.Car stealing mostly by professional criminals

Three substances provide more than 80 percent of the world's energy and over 90 percent of North America's energy: petroleum, natural gas, and coal. In relatively developed countries, the remainder comes primarily from nuclear, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. Wood provides much of the remaining energy in developing societies.

Energy is used in three principal places: businesses, homes, and transportation systems. The most important energy source for businesses is coal, followed by natural gas and petroleum. Some businesses use coal directly in an industrial operation, while others rely on electricity, generated primarily at coal-burning power stations.

At home, energy primarily is used to generate heat and hot water. Natural gas is the most common source of home heat and hot water, followed by petroleum. Like businesses, homes also use electricity supplied from coal-burning power plants. Petroleum products operate virtually all transportation systems, including automobiles, trucks, buses, airplanes, and some trains. Only subways, streetcars, and some trains run on coal-generated electricity.

Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are known as fossil fuels. A fossil fuel comes from the residue of plants and animals buried beneath the earth's surface millions of years ago. As the earth's crust moved, these buried plants and animals were subject to intense changes in pressure and temperature.

The global distribution of fossil fuels raises two problems. First, some regions have relatively abundant reserves of one or more fossil fuels, while other regions have little. Second, fossil fuel reserves are not located in the same regions as their consumers.

In general, the relatively developed countries of North America, Europe, and the former Soviet Union possess a disproportionately large share of fossil fuel reserves. They contain approximately one-fourth of the world's population but possess more than half of the world's proven reserves of the three major fossil fuels. By far the largest proven reserves of fossil fuels are located in the former Soviet Union. The former soviet Union possesses more than one-third of the world's proven natural gas reserves and more than one-fourth of the proven coal reserves; it also ranks sixth in the world in proven petroleum reserves. The United States has more than one- fourth of the world's proven coal reserves, but its proven petroleum and natural gas reserves are relatively small.

European countries possess one-sixth of the world' s proven coal reserves, for the most part in Germany and Poland, but less than 5 percent of the petroleum reserves and less than 10 percent of the natural gas reserves. The region's major sources of petroleum and natural gas lie beneath the North Sea. Japan has virtually no proven fossil fuel reserves.

Overall, the developing regions do not have a fair share of energy reserves, but the situation varies by type of fossil fuel. Developing countries possess only one-tenth of the world's proven coal reserves, but nearly one-half of the natural gas and nine-tenths of the petroleum.

Energy reserves are not distributed uniformly within the developing world. A handful of the developing countries are well endowed with one of the fossil fuels, but most countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America have relatively little. China accounts for most of the proven coal reserves in developing countries. Approximately 60 percent of the world's proven petroleum' reserves are concentrated in the five Middle Eastern states of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates.

According to the passage, which is the principal energy source of home heat?

A．Wood.

B．Coal.

C．Natural gas.

D．Petrol.

Portland is a metropolitan city with a population of roughly two million.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Alternative Energy Sources (可替代资源)

When considering alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels, it should be pointed out that our present technology is dependent on fossil-based energy in two main forms:electricity produced by burning coal, and portable chemical fuels such as petroleum or natural gas．At present not all countries are totally dependent on coal for electricity generation．For instance, nuclear power provided about 48% of the total energy requirements of Finland, France and Sweden in 1996．To a lesser extent, hydroelectric power (水力发电)is also providing electricity to many areas throughout the world．Despite their environmental problems, these alternatives are likely to supply our electricity requirements for at least the first ten years of the new century．However, many scientists are convinced that other less controversial alternatives such as solar and wind power, which convert heat or me-

chanical energy directly into electricity, will provide a "clean" energy for future generations early in the new century.

In most industrialized nations, electricity supplies only a portion of the country's total energy needs, typically about 16%～25%．By far the largest share of a nation's total energy consumption is derived from chemical fuels which are either used for space heating or converted directly into mechanical energy in, for instance, an automobile engine．The great advantage of chemical fuels is their ease of transportation, storage'and utility in even the remotest areas．By contrast, electricity must be constantly generated since it is con sumed essentially the instant it is produced．It is therefore not surprising that recent scientific research has centered on developing a portable chemical fuel to replace fossil fuels.

In addition to economic and environmental considerations, an alternative synthetic chemical fuel should, ideally, be produced from accessible raw materials that are not derived from fossil fuels．Thus, coal liquefaction (液化) cannot be considered as a satisfactory long-term solution．The production of biologicallyderived chemical fuels such as alcohol, produced from the ferment (发酵) of farm crops or from waste products; has also generated a lot of scientific and public interest．However, while these.biological fuels are less polluting than fossil fuels, they are still carbon-based molecules which, during the process of burning are less polluting than fossil fuels, send carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants (污染物) into the environment．Clearly, the only ideal long-term replacement for fuels such as petroleum is one that contains no carbon．Obviously, hydrogen meets this requirement.

第 36 题 The phrase "these alternatives" (in Line 8 of Paragraph 1) refers to____.

A．solar and wind power

B．oil and coal

C．nuclear and hydroelectric power

D．petroleum and natural gas